4.44 BEAM44 3-D Tapered Unsymmetric Beam

4.44 BEAM44 3-D Tapered Unsymmetric Beam (UP19980821 ) BEAM44 is a uniaxial element with tension, compression, torsion, and bending capabilities. The element has six degrees of freedom at each node: translations in the nodal x, y, and z directions and rotations about the nodal x, y, and z axes. This element allows a different unsymmetrical geometry at each end and permits the end nodes to be offset from the centroidal axis of the beam. If these features are not desired, the uniform symmetrical beam BEAM4 (described in Section 4.4) may be used. A 2-D version of this element (BEAM54) is described in Section 4.54.

The effect of shear deformation is available as an option. Another option is available for printing the forces acting on the element in the element coordinate directions. Stress stiffening and large deflection capabilities are also included. See Section 14.44 of the ANSYS Theory Reference for more details about this element.

Figure 4.44-1 BEAM44 3-D Tapered Unsymmetric Beam



4.44.1 Input Data

The geometry, node locations, and the coordinate system for this element are shown in Figure 4.44-1. The element is located by a reference coordinate system (x',y',z') and offsets. The reference system is defined by nodes I, J, and K, or an orientation angle, as shown in Figure 4.44-1. The principal axes of the beam are in the element coordinate system (x,y,z) with x along the cross-section centroid (C.G.).

The element x-axis is oriented from node I (end 1) toward node J (end 2). For the two-node option, the default (=0°) orientation of the element y-axis is automatically calculated to be parallel to the global X-Y plane. Several orientations are shown in Figure 4.44-1. For the case where the element is parallel to the global Z axis (or within a 0.01 percent slope of it), the element y axis is oriented parallel to the global Y axis (as shown). For user control of the element orientation about the element x-axis, use the angle (THETA) or the third node option. If both are defined, the third node option takes precedence. The third node (K), if used, defines a plane (with I and J) containing the element x and z axes (as shown). If this element is used in a large deflection analysis, it should be noted that the location of the third node (K), or the angle (THETA), is used only to initially orient the element. (For information about orientation nodes and beam meshing, see Chapter 7 of the ANSYS Modeling and Meshing Guide.)

The element real constants describe the beam in terms of the cross-sectional area, the area moments of inertia, the extreme fiber distances from the centroid, the centroid offset, and the shear constants. The moments of inertia (IZ and IY) are about the lateral principal axes of the beam. The torsional moment of inertia at end 1 (IX1), if not specified, is assumed equal to the polar moment of inertia at end 1 (IZ1 + IY1). The moment of inertia values at end 2 (IX2, IY2, and IZ2), if blank, default to the corresponding end 1 values. The element torsional stiffness decreases with decreasing values of IX.

The offset constants (DX, DY, DZ) define the centroid location of the section relative to the node location. Offset distances are measured positive from the node in the positive element coordinate directions. All real constants (except the centroidal offset constants DX, DY, and DZ) for end 2 of the beam, default to the corresponding end 1 values, if zero. The "top" thicknesses at end 1, TKZT1 and TKYT1, default to the "bottom" thicknesses at end 1, TKZB1 and TKYB1, respectively. Also the "top" thicknesses at end 2, TKZT2 and TKYT2, default to the "top" thicknesses at end 1, TKZT1 and TKYT1, respectively. The thicknesses are measured from the centroid of the section.

The shear deflection constants (SHEARZ and SHEARY) are used only if shear deflection is to be included. A zero value of SHEAR_ may be used to neglect shear deflection in a particular direction. See Section 2.10 for details. Properties not input default as described in Section 2.4.

KEYOPT(2) allows a reduced mass matrix formulation (rotational degrees of freedom terms deleted). This option is useful for improved bending stresses in long, slender members under mass loading.

KEYOPT(7) and KEYOPT(8) allow element stiffness releases at the nodes in the element coordinate system. Stiffnesses should not be released such that free-body motion could occur. Also, loads applied in the direction of released stiffness will be ignored. For large deflection, note that the element stiffness release follows the element orientation, whereas release by nodal coupling does not.

The shear areas (ARES_ _) and the torsional stress factors (TSF_) are also used if they are nonzero. The shear areas are used for shear stress computation only and are generally less than the actual cross-sectional area. The torsional moment is multiplied by the torsional stress factor to calculate the torsional shear stress. Torsional stress factors may be found in structural handbooks. For circular sections, TSF=diameter/(2*IX).

For some beam cross sections the shear center may be offset from the centroid location. Nonzero shear center offsets (DSC_ _) may be input as shown in Figure 4.44-1. Offset distances are measured positive from the centroid in the positive element axes directions. End 2 offsets default to end 1 values, if zero. If constants Y1 through Z4 are provided, additional stress printout is given at up to four user specified output points at each end of the beam as shown in Figure 4.44-2.

The elastic foundation stiffnesses (EFS_) are defined as the pressure required to produce unit normal deflections of the foundation. This capability is bypassed if the EFS_ values are zero. The initial strain in the element (ISTRN) is given by /L, where is the difference between the element length, L, (as defined by the I and J node locations) and the zero strain length. An added mass per unit length may be input with the ADDMAS value.

Element loads are described in Section 2.7. Pressures may be input as surface loads on the element faces as shown by the circled numbers on Figure 4.44-1. The circled number represents the load key for the indicated face. Positive pressures act into the element. Lateral pressures are input as a force per unit length. End "pressures" are input as a force. KEYOPT(10) allows tapered lateral pressures to be offset from the nodes. Temperatures may be input as element body loads at the eight "corner" locations shown in Figure 4.44-1. Temperatures 1-4 are at node I and 5-8 are at node J. Note that the temperature input points are different from the stress output points shown in Figure 4.44-2. The first corner temperature T1 defaults to TUNIF. If all other temperatures are unspecified, they default to T1. If only T1 and T2 are input, T3 defaults to T2 and T4 defaults to T1. If only T1 and T4 are input, T2 defaults to T1 and T3 defaults to T4. In both cases, T5 through T8 default to T1 through T4. For any other input pattern, unspecified temperatures default to TUNIF.

KEYOPT(9), used to request output at intermediate locations, is not valid if

A summary of the element input is given in Table 4.44-1. A general description of element input is given in Section 2.1.

Table 4.44-1 BEAM44 Input Summary

Element Name

BEAM44

Nodes

I, J, K (K orientation node is optional)

Degrees of Freedom

UX, UY, UZ, ROTX, ROTY, ROTZ

Real Constants

Constants 1-24 (basic set):
AREA1, IZ1, IY1, TKZB1, TKYB1, IX1,AREA2, IZ2, IY2, TKZB2, TKYB2, IX2,DX1, DY1, DZ1, DX2, DY2, DZ2,SHEARZ, SHEARY, TKZT1, TKYT1, TKZT2, TKYT2

Constants 25-30 (for shear and torsional stresses):
ARESZ1, ARESY1, ARESZ2, ARESY2, TSF1, TSF2

Constants 31-36 (for shear offset and elastic foundation):
DSCZ1, DSCY1, DSCZ2, DSCY2, EFSZ, EFSY

Constants 37-52 (for additional stress output):
Y1, Z1, Y2, Z2, Y3, Z3, Y4, Z4 at end I
Y1, Z1, Y2, Z3, Y3, Z3, Y4, Z4 at end J

Constants 53-55 (for other options):
THETA, ISTRN, ADDMAS

Material Properties

EX, ALPX, DENS, GXY, DAMP

Surface Loads

Pressures:
face 1 (I-J) (-Z normal direction),
face 2 (I-J) (-Y normal direction),
face 3 (I-J) (+X tangential direction),
face 4 (I) (+X axial direction),
face 5 (J) (-X axial direction) (use negative value for opposite loading)

Body Loads

Temperatures: T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8

Special Features

Stress stiffening, Large deflection, Birth and death,

KEYOPT(2)

0 - Consistent mass matrix
1 - Reduced mass matrix

KEYOPT(6)

0 - No member force printout
1 - Print out member forces and moments in the element coordinate system

KEYOPT(7)

Used to release stiffnesses in the element translational and rotational directions. For combined releases, input the sum of the number keys (such as 11 for rotational Z and Y).
1 - Release element rotational Z stiffness
10 - Release element rotational Y stiffness
100 - Release element rotational X stiffness
1000 - Release element translational Z stiffness
10000 - Release element translational Y stiffness
100000 - Release element translational X stiffness

KEYOPT(8)

Same as KEYOPT(7) except for end J

KEYOPT(9)

Used to control additional output between ends I and J
N - Output at N intermediate locations (N = 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9)

KEYOPT(10)

Used only for tapered surface loads with the SFBEAM command.
0 - Offset for load placement is in terms of length units
1 - Offset is in terms of a length ratio (0.0 to 1.0)

Note-SHEARZ goes with IZ. If SHEARZ = 0.0, there is no shear deflection in the element Y direction

Note-SHEARY goes with IY. If SHEARY = 0.0, there is no shear deflection in the element Z direction

4.44.2 Output Data

The solution output associated with the element is in two forms:

Several items are illustrated in Figure 4.44-2. At each gross-section, the computed output consists of the direct (axial) stress and four bending components. Then these five values are combined to evaluate maximum and minimum stresses, assuming a rectangular cross-section. If constants Y1 through Z4 are provided, the combined stresses at the specified locations shown in Figure 4.44-2 will also be computed. If KEYOPT(6)=1 for this element, the 12 member forces and moments (6 at each end) are also printed (in the element coordinate directions). The element x-axis is defined through the center of gravity of the cross section. If real constants 25 through 30 (ARES_ _, TSF_) are provided, the average shear stresses and the torsional stresses are printed. If they are all zero, the shear printout is suppressed. Additional results at intermediate locations between the ends may be output with KEYOPT(9). A general description of solution output is given in Section 2.2. See the ANSYS Basic Analysis Procedures Guide for ways to view results.

Figure 4.44-2 BEAM44 Stress Output



The following notation is used in Table 4.44-2:

A colon (:) in the Name column indicates the item can be accessed by the Component Name method [ETABLE, ESOL] (see Section 2.2.2). The O and R columns indicate the availability of the items in the file Jobname.OUT (O) or in the results file (R), a Y indicates that the item is always available, a number refers to a table footnote which describes when the item is conditionally available, and a - indicates that the item is not available.

Table 4.44-2 BEAM44 Element Output Definitions

Name

Definition

O

R

EL

Element number

Y Y
NODES

Nodes - I, J

Y Y
MAT

Material number

Y Y
VOLU:

Volume

- Y
CENT: X, Y, Z

Center location XC, YC, ZC

- Y
TEMP

Temperatures T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8

Y Y
PRES

Pressures P1 at nodes I,J; OFFST1 at I,J; P2 at I,J;
OFFST2 at I,J; P3 at I,J; OFFST3 at I,J; P4 at I; P5 at J

Y Y
SDIR

Axial direct stress

1 1
SBYT

Bending stress on the element +Y side of the beam

1 1
SBYB

Bending stress on the element -Y side of the beam

1 1
SBZT

Bending stress on the element +Z side of the beam

1 1
SBZB

Bending stress on the element -Z side of the beam

1 1
SMAX

Maximum stress (direct stress + bending stress)

1 1
SMIN

Minimum stress (direct stress - bending stress)

1 1
EPELDIR

Axial elastic strain at the end

1 1
EPELBYT

Bending elastic strain on the element +Y side of the beam

1 1
EPELBYB

Bending elastic strain on the element -Y side of the beam

1 1
EPELBZT

Bending elastic strain on the element +Z side of the beam

1 1
EPELBZB

Bending elastic strain on the element -Z side of the beam

1 1
EPTHDIR

Axial thermal strain at the end

1 1
EPTHBYT

Bending thermal strain on the element +Y side of the beam

1 1
EPTHBYB

Bending thermal strain on the element -Y side of the beam

1 1
EPTHBZT

Bending thermal strain on the element +Z side of the beam

1 1
EPTHBZB

Bending thermal strain on the element -Z side of the beam

1 1
EPINAXL

Initial axial strain in the element

1 1
S(XY, XZ, YZ)

Average shear (Y-direction), average shear (Z-direction), torsion stresses

2 2
S(AXL1,AXL2,
AXL3,AXL4)

Combined stresses at user points 1, 2, 3 and 4

3 3
MFOR(X, Y, Z)

Member forces in the element coordinate system X, Y, Z directions

4 Y
MMOM(X, Y, Z)

Member moments in the element coordinate system X, Y, Z directions

4 Y
1. The item repeats for end I, intermediate locations (see KEYOPT(9)), and end J

2. Output only if real constants 25-30 are provided

3. Output only if real constants 37-52 are provided

4. If KEYOPT(6)=1

Table 4.44-3 lists output available through the ETABLE command using the Sequence Number method. See Chapter 5 of the ANSYS Basic Analysis Procedures Guide and Section 2.2.2.2 of this manual for more information. The following notation is used in Tables 4.44-3:

Table 4.44-3 BEAM44 (KEYOPT(9)=0) Item and Sequence Numbers for the ETABLE and ESOL Commands

KEYOPT(9)=0

Name

Item

E

I

J

SDIR

LS

- 1 6
SBYT

LS

- 2 7
SBYB

LS

- 3 8
SBZT

LS

- 4 9
SBZB

LS

- 5 10
EPELDIR

LEPEL

- 1 6
EPELBYT

LEPEL

- 2 7
EPELBYB

LEPEL

- 3 8
EPELBZT

LEPEL

- 4 9
EPELBZB

LEPEL

- 5 10
EPTHDIR

LEPTH

- 1 6
EPTHBYT

LEPTH

- 2 7
EPTHBYB

LEPTH

- 3 8
EPTHBZT

LEPTH

- 4 9
EPTHBZB

LEPTH

- 5 10
EPINAXL

LEPTH

11 - -
SMAX

NMISC

- 1 3
SMIN

NMISC

- 2 4
MFORX

SMISC

- 1 7
MFORY

SMISC

- 2 8
MFORZ

SMISC

- 3 9
MMOMX

SMISC

- 4 10
MMOMY

SMISC

- 5 11
MMOMZ

SMISC

- 6 12
SXY

SMISC

- 13 16
SXZ

SMISC

- 14 17
SYZ

SMISC

- 15 18
P1

SMISC

- 27 28
OFFST1

SMISC

- 29 30
P2

SMISC

- 31 32
OFFST2

SMISC

- 33 34
P3

SMISC

- 35 36
OFFST3

SMISC

- 37 38
P4

SMISC

- 39
P5

SMISC

- 40
SAXL (SP1)

SMISC

- 19 23
SAXL (SP2)

SMISC

- 20 24
SAXL (SP3)

SMISC

- 21 25
SAXL (SP4)

SMISC

- 22 26

Corner Location

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

TEMP

LBFE

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Table 4.44-3a BEAM44 (KEYOPT(9)=1) Item and Sequence Numbers for the ETABLE and ESOL Commands

KEYOPT(9)=1

Name

Item

E

I IL1 J
SDIR

LS

- 1 6 11
SBYT

LS

- 2 7 12
SBYB

LS

- 3 8 13
SBZT

LS

- 4 9 14
SBZB

LS

- 5 10 15
EPELDIR

LEPEL

- 1 6 11
EPELBYT

LEPEL

- 2 7 12
EPELBYB

LEPEL

- 3 8 13
EPELBZT

LEPEL

- 4 9 14
EPELBZB

LEPEL

- 5 10 15
EPTHDIR

LEPTH

- 1 6 11
EPTHBYT

LEPTH

- 2 7 12
EPTHBYB

LEPTH

- 3 8 13
EPTHBZT

LEPTH

- 4 9 14
EPTHBZB

LEPTH

- 5 10 15
EPINAXL

LEPTH

16 - - -
SMAX

NMISC

- 1 3 5
SMIN

NMISC

- 2 4 6
MFORX

SMISC

- 1 7 13
MFORY

SMISC

- 2 8 14
MFORZ

SMISC

- 3 9 15
MMOMX

SMISC

- 4 10 16
MMOMY

SMISC

- 5 11 17
MMOMZ

SMISC

- 6 12 18
SXY

SMISC

- 19 22 25
SXZ

SMISC

- 20 23 26
SYZ

SMISC

- 21 24 27
P1

SMISC

- 40 - 41
OFFST1

SMISC

- 42 - 43
P2

SMISC

- 44 - 45
OFFST2

SMISC

- 46 - 47
P3

SMISC

- 48 - 49
OFFST3

SMISC

- 50 - 51
P4

SMISC

- 52 - -
P5

SMISC

- - - 53
SAXL (SP1)

SMISC

- 28 32 36
SAXL (SP2)

SMISC

- 29 33 37
SAXL (SP3)

SMISC

- 30 34 38
SAXL (SP4)

SMISC

- 31 35 39

Corner Location

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

TEMP

LBFE

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Table 4.44-3b BEAM44 (KEYOPT(9)=3) Item and Sequence Numbers for the ETABLE and ESOL Commands

KEYOPT(9)=3

Name

Item

E

I

IL1

IL2

IL3

J

SDIR

LS

- 1 6 11 16 21
SBYT

LS

- 2 7 12 17 22
SBYB

LS

- 3 8 13 18 23
SBZT

LS

- 4 9 14 19 24
SBZB

LS

- 5 10 15 20 25
EPELDIR

LEPEL

- 1 6 11 16 21
EPELBYT

LEPEL

- 2 7 12 17 22
EPELBYB

LEPEL

- 3 8 13 18 23
EPELBZT

LEPEL

- 4 9 14 19 24
EPELBZB

LEPEL

- 5 10 15 20 25
EPTHDIR

LEPTH

- 1 6 11 16 21
EPTHBYT

LEPTH

- 2 7 12 17 22
EPTHBYB

LEPTH

- 3 8 13 18 23
EPTHBZT

LEPTH

- 4 9 14 19 24
EPTHBZB

LEPTH

- 5 10 15 20 25
EPINAXL

LEPTH

26 - - - - -
SMAX

NMISC

- 1 3 5 7 9
SMIN

NMISC

- 2 4 6 8 10
MFORX

SMISC

- 1 7 13 19 25
MFORY

SMISC

- 2 8 14 20 26
MFORZ

SMISC

- 3 9 15 21 27
MMOMX

SMISC

- 4 10 16 22 28
MMOMY

SMISC

- 5 11 17 23 29
MMOMZ

SMISC

- 6 12 18 24 30
SXY

SMISC

- 31 34 37 40 43
SXZ

SMISC

- 32 35 38 41 44
SYZ

SMISC

- 33 36 39 42 45
P1

SMISC

- 66 - - - 67
OFFST1

SMISC

- 68 - - - 69
P2

SMISC

- 70 - - - 71
OFFST2

SMISC

- 72 - - - 73
P3

SMISC

- 74 - - - 75
OFFST3

SMISC

- 76 - - - 77
P4

SMISC

- 78 - - - -
P5

SMISC

- - - - - 79
SAXL (SP1)

SMISC

- 46 50 54 58 62
SAXL (SP2)

SMISC

- 47 51 55 59 63
SAXL (SP3)

SMISC

- 48 52 56 60 64
SAXL (SP4)

SMISC

- 49 53 57 61 65

Corner Location

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

TEMP

LBFE

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Table 4.44-3c BEAM44 (KEYOPT(9)=5) Item and Sequence Numbers for the ETABLE and ESOL Commands

KEYOPT(9)=5

Name

Item

E

I

IL1

IL2

IL3

IL4

IL5

J

SDIR

LS

- 1 6 11 16 21 26 31
SBYT

LS

- 2 7 12 17 22 27 32
SBYB

LS

- 3 8 13 18 23 28 33
SBZT

LS

- 4 9 14 19 24 29 34
SBZB

LS

- 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
EPELDIR

LEPEL

- 1 6 11 16 21 26 31
EPELBYT

LEPEL

- 2 7 12 17 22 27 32
EPELBYB

LEPEL

- 3 8 13 18 23 28 33
EPELBZT

LEPEL

- 4 9 14 19 24 29 34
EPELBZB

LEPEL

- 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
EPTHDIR

LEPTH

- 1 6 11 16 21 26 31
EPTHBYT

LEPTH

- 2 7 12 17 22 27 32
EPTHBYB

LEPTH

- 3 8 13 18 23 28 33
EPTHBZT

LEPTH

- 4 9 14 19 24 29 34
EPTHBZB

LEPTH

- 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
EPINAXL

LEPTH

36 - - - - - - -
SMAX

NMISC

- 1 3 5 7 9 11 13
SMIN

NMISC

- 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
MFORX

SMISC

- 1 7 13 19 25 31 37
MFORY

SMISC

- 2 8 14 20 26 32 38
MFORZ

SMISC

- 3 9 15 21 27 33 39
MMOMX

SMISC

- 4 10 16 22 28 34 40
MMOMY

SMISC

- 5 11 17 23 29 35 41
MMOMZ

SMISC

- 6 12 18 24 30 36 42
SXY

SMISC

- 43 46 49 52 55 58 61
SXZ

SMISC

- 44 47 50 53 56 59 62
SYZ

SMISC

- 45 48 51 54 57 60 63
P1

SMISC

- 92 - - - - - 93
OFFST1

SMISC

- 94 - - - - - 95
P2

SMISC

- 96 - - - - - 97
OFFST2

SMISC

- 98 - - - - - 99
P3

SMISC

- 100 - - - - - 101
OFFST3

SMISC

- 102 - - - - - 103
P4

SMISC

- 104 - - - - - -
P5

SMISC

- - - - - - - 105
SAXL (SP1)

SMISC

- 64 68 72 76 80 84 88
SAXL (SP2)

SMISC

- 65 69 73 77 81 85 89
SAXL (SP3)

SMISC

- 66 70 74 78 82 86 90
SAXL (SP4)

SMISC

- 67 71 75 79 83 87 91

Corner Location

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

TEMP

LBFE

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Table 4.44-3d BEAM44 (KEYOPT(9)=7) Item and Sequence Numbers for the ETABLE and ESOL Commands

KEYOPT(9)=7

Name

Item

E

I

IL1

IL2

IL3

IL4

IL5

IL6

IL7

J

SDIR

LS

- 1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41
SBYT

LS

- 2 7 12 17 22 27 32 37 42
SBYB

LS

- 3 8 13 18 23 28 33 38 43
SBZT

LS

- 4 9 14 19 24 29 34 39 44
SBZB

LS

- 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
EPELDIR

LEPEL

- 1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41
EPELBYT

LEPEL

- 2 7 12 17 22 27 32 37 42
EPELBYB

LEPEL

- 3 8 13 18 23 28 33 38 43
EPELBZT

LEPEL

- 4 9 14 19 24 29 34 39 44
EPELBZB

LEPEL

- 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
EPTHDIR

LEPTH

- 1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41
EPTHBYT

LEPTH

- 2 7 12 17 22 27 32 37 42
EPTHBYB

LEPTH

- 3 8 13 18 23 28 33 38 43
EPTHBZT

LEPTH

- 4 9 14 19 24 29 34 39 44
EPTHBZB

LEPTH

- 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
EPINAXL

LEPTH

46 - - - - - - - - -
SMAX

NMISC

- 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17
SMIN

NMISC

- 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
MFORX

SMISC

- 1 7 13 19 25 31 37 43 49
MFORY

SMISC

- 2 8 14 20 26 32 38 44 50
MFORZ

SMISC

- 3 9 15 21 27 33 39 45 51
MMOMX

SMISC

- 4 10 16 22 28 34 40 46 52
MMOMY

SMISC

- 5 11 17 23 29 35 41 47 53
MMOMZ

SMISC

- 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54
SXY

SMISC

- 55 58 61 64 67 70 73 76 79
SXZ

SMISC

- 56 59 62 65 68 71 74 77 80
SYZ

SMISC

- 57 60 63 66 69 72 75 78 81
P1

SMISC

- 118 - - - - - - - 119
OFFST1

SMISC

- 120 - - - - - - - 121
P2

SMISC

- 122 - - - - - - - 123
OFFST2

SMISC

- 124 - - - - - - - 125
P3

SMISC

- 126 - - - - - - - 127
OFFST3

SMISC

- 128 - - - - - - - 129
P4

SMISC

- 130 - - - - - - - -
P5

SMISC

- - - - - - - - - 131
SAXL (SP1)

SMISC

- 82 86 90 94 98 102 106 110 114
SAXL (SP2)

SMISC

- 83 87 91 95 99 103 107 111 115
SAXL (SP3)

SMISC

- 84 88 92 96 100 104 108 112 116
SAXL (SP4)

SMISC

- 85 89 93 97 101 105 109 113 117

Corner Location

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

TEMP

LBFE

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Table 4.44-3e BEAM44 (KEYOPT(9)=9) Item and Sequence Numbers for the ETABLE and ESOL Commands

KEYOPT(9)=9

Name

Item

E

I

IL1

IL2

IL3

IL4

IL5

IL6

IL7

IL8

IL9

J

SDIR

LS

- 1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51
SBYT

LS

- 2 7 12 17 22 27 32 37 42 47 52
SBYB

LS

- 3 8 13 18 23 28 33 38 43 48 53
SBZT

LS

- 4 9 14 19 24 29 34 39 44 49 54
SBZB

LS

- 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55
EPELDIR

LEPEL

- 1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51
EPELBYT

LEPEL

- 2 7 12 17 22 27 32 37 42 47 52
EPELBYB

LEPEL

- 3 8 13 18 23 28 33 38 43 48 53
EPELBZT

LEPEL

- 4 9 14 19 24 29 34 39 44 49 54
EPELBZB

LEPEL

- 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55
EPTHDIR

LEPTH

- 1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51
EPTHBYT

LEPTH

- 2 7 12 17 22 27 32 37 42 47 52
EPTHBYB

LEPTH

- 3 8 13 18 23 28 33 38 43 48 53
EPTHBZT

LEPTH

- 4 9 14 19 24 29 34 39 44 49 54
EPTHBZB

LEPTH

- 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55
EPINAXL

LEPTH

56 - - - - - - - - - - -
SMAX

NMISC

- 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21
SMIN

NMISC

- 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
MFORX

SMISC

- 1 7 13 19 25 31 37 43 49 55 61
MFORY

SMISC

- 2 8 14 20 26 32 38 44 50 56 62
MFORZ

SMISC

- 3 9 15 21 27 33 39 45 51 57 63
MMOMX

SMISC

- 4 10 16 22 28 34 40 46 52 58 64
MMOMY

SMISC

- 5 11 17 23 29 35 41 47 53 59 65
MMOMZ

SMISC

- 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 66
SXY

SMISC

- 67 70 73 76 79 82 85 88 91 94 97
SXZ

SMISC

- 68 71 74 77 80 83 86 89 92 95 98
SYZ

SMISC

- 69 72 75 78 81 84 87 90 93 96 99
P1

SMISC

- 144 - - - - - - - - - 145
OFFST1

SMISC

- 146 - - - - - - - - - 147
P2

SMISC

- 148 - - - - - - - - - 149
OFFST2

SMISC

- 150 - - - - - - - - - 151
P3

SMISC

- 152 - - - - - - - - - 153
OFFST3

SMISC

- 154 - - - - - - - - - 155
P4

SMISC

- 156 - - - - - - - - - -
P5

SMISC

- - - - - - - - - - - 157
SAXL (SP1)

SMISC

- 100 104 108 112 116 120 124 128 132 136 140
SAXL (SP2)

SMISC

- 101 105 109 113 117 121 125 129 133 137 141
SAXL (SP3)

SMISC

- 102 106 110 114 118 122 126 130 134 138 142
SAXL (SP4)

SMISC

- 103 107 111 115 119 123 127 131 135 139 143

Corner Location

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

TEMP

LBFE

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

4.44.3 Assumptions and Restrictions

The beam must not have a zero length or area. The beam can have any cross-sectional shape for which the moments of inertia can be computed. The element thicknesses are used in locating the extreme fibers for the stress calculations and in computing the thermal gradient. Tapers within an element, if any, should be gradual. If AREA2/AREA1 or I2/I1 is not between 0.5 and 2.0, a warning message is output. If the ratio is outside of the range of 0.1 to 10.0, an error message is output. The element should not taper to a point (zero thickness).

The applied thermal gradients are assumed to be linear across the thickness in both directions and along the length of the element. The flexible length of the beam is adjusted to account for the effect of the offsets. The offset lengths may be regarded as rigid portions of the beam. Unequal lateral offsets, which rotate the beam, also cause a corresponding shortening of the flexible length. The difference between the lateral offsets should not exceed the length of the element. Rotational body forces resulting from an angular velocity are based upon the node locations (as if zero offsets). The shear stresses are calculated independently of the shear deflection.

A lumped mass matrix formulation [LUMPM,ON] is not allowed for this element when using member releases in the element translational Y or Z directions. In addition, the effect of offsets on the mass matrix is ignored if the lumped mass formulation is on.

4.44.4 Product Restrictions

When used in the product(s) listed below, the stated product-specific restrictions apply to this element in addition to the general assumptions and restrictions given in the previous section.

ANSYS/LinearPlus