Interpersonal Relations and Group Processes Psychology 513 Fall, 2008
T & Th, 12:30-1:45p
1075 BSB
| Instructor: Office: Phone: Office Hours: e-mail: web: |
Dr. Jim Larson 1046-C BSB 312.413.2642 Tu 2:00-3:00p, and by Appointment jlarson@uic.edu http://www.uic.edu/~jlarson/ |
Class Participation. The course will follow a seminar format. As such, your active participation is essential to the quality of the course. You are expected to have read in advance all of the material assigned for each class meeting, and to be able to discuss and answer detailed questions about that material in class. Your preparation for and active participation in class will be evaluated, and will constitute 25% of your overall course grade.
Exams. Two exams will be given. Each will consist of a half-dozen or so essay-style questions, and each will be "closed book, no notes." The Mid-Term Exam will be given in class on Thursday, October 16th, and will constitute 20% of your course grade. The Final Exam will be given during Finals Week, and will constitute 30% of your course grade.
Term Paper.
You are required to write a paper
for the course, which will be due at the beginning of the last class
meeting. The grade you get on this paper will constitute 25% of
your course grade. In most cases, the paper is to be an in-depth
review of the empirical literature on a topic that is (a) of interest
to you, (b) relevant to the content of the course, and (c) not
extensively covered in the assigned readings. You must
get the
topic of your paper approved on or before Thursday, October 23rd (one week after
the midterm is done). You
are free to organize this paper in whatever way you like, but in all
cases it should focus on the most recent empirical work that
has been
done on the topic you choose. Roughly one fourth of the readings
assigned
for the course are literature reviews, either in part or in whole.
These
should give you some ideas for the various ways in which your own
review
might be structured. The text of your paper is limited to a maximum of
5,000 words (roughly 20 typed, double-spaced pages, not including
references, tables, and figures). All references and other matters of
form should
follow APA style. The term papers will be graded on three equally-weighted
criteria: (1) the thoroughness of your literature review, (2) the
quality of your own analysis and integration of that literature, and
(3) the
quality of the writing.
As an alternative to writing a traditional term paper, you may elect instead to develop a computational model (a.k.a., computer model) of an existing social psychological theory that is relevant to the course. In this case, by the last class meeting you must make available to the entire class a working version of your program. The operation of the program should be fairly self-explanatory, so that users may explore its potential with only minimal instruction from you. Along with the program, you must also turn in a short paper (roughly 1000 words) that summarized the theory you are trying to model, and, in general terms, explains how the modeling was accomplished. Computational models will also be evaluated on three equally-weighted criteria: (1) the degree to which your program successfully captures the various elements of the theory it is intended to express, (2) how easy it is to use, and (3) the extent to which it runs without error (i.e., is crash-proof).
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Grading Summary |
|
| Class Participation | 25% |
| Mid-Term Exam | 20% |
| Final Exam | 30% |
| Term Paper | 25% |
| Total | 100% |
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Note:
For each topic (week), two sets of readings are
listed. The required readings are listed first. Most (but
not all) of
these are available in an electronic form, and are marked with the
symbol [e]. If you plan to download these articles, and
are given a choice of formats, download them as .pdf files (as opposed
to .html or .doc files). It will facilitate class discussion
if everyone has the articles in the same format. Following each
list of required readings is a set of supplementary readings.
These are provided for the student who
want to explore a topic in greater depth. These may be of use as
you
begin to explore topics for your term paper. They are not
required reading for the course.
|
WEEK 1 (8/26 & 8/28) |
IN SEARCH OF A "SOCIAL" SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY [49 pages] Steiner, I. D. (1986).
Paradigms and groups. Advances
in
Experimental Social
Psychology, 19,
251-289. Schmitt, B. H., Dube, L., & Leclerc, F. (1992).
Intrusions into waiting lines: Does the queue constitute a social
system? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63,
806-815. [e]
Allport, G. W. (1985). The historical
background of social psychology. In G. Lindzey & E. Aronson (Eds.),
Handbook of Social Psychology (3rd ed., Vol. 1, pp. 1-46). Bond, C. F., Jr. & Kenny, D. A. (2002). The triangle of interpersonal models. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83, 355-366. Jones, E. E. (1985). Major development in social psychology during the past five decades. In G. Lindzey & E. Aronson (Eds.), Handbook of Social Psychology (3rd ed., Vol. 1, pp. 47-107). Pepitone, A. (1981). Lessons from the history of social psychology. American Psychologist, 36, 972-985. Sanna, L. J., & Parks, C. D. (1997). Group research trends in social and organizational psychology: Whatever happened to intragroup research? Psychological Science, 8, 261-267. Taylor, S. E. (1998). The social being in social psychology. In D. T. Gilbert, S. T. Fiske, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), The Handbook of Social Psychology (4th ed., Vol. 1, pp. 58-95). New York: McGraw-Hill. |
|
WEEK 2 (9/2 & 9/4) |
AGGRESSION: WHY DO WE HURT? [57 pages] Miller, N., Pedersen, W. C., Earleywine, M., & Pollock,
V. E. (2003). A theoretical model of triggered displaced
aggression. Personality
and Social Psychology Review, 7, 75-97. [e] Vasquez, E. A, Denson, T. F., Pedersen, W. C., Stenstrom, D.
M., & Miller, N. (2005). The moderating effect of trigger
intensity on triggered displaced aggression. Journal of Experimental Social
Psychology, 41,
61-67. [e] Bushman, B. (2002). Does venting anger feed or extinguish the flame? Catharsis, rumination, distraction, anger, and aggressive responding. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 28, 724-731. [e] Gaertner, L., Inzzini, J., & O'Mara, E. M. (2008). When rejection by one fosters aggression against many: Mulitple-victim aggression as a consequence of social rejection and perceived groupness. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 78, 958-970. [e] Reifman, A. S., Larrick, R. P., and Fein, S. (1991). Temper and temperature on the diamond: The heat-aggression relationship in major league baseball. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 17, 580-585. [e]
Anderson, C. A., et al. (2003). The
influence of media violence on youth. Psychological Science in
the Public Interest, 4, 81-110. Anderson, C. A., Anderson, K. B., Dorr, N., DeNeve, K. M., & Flanagan, M. (2000). Temperature and aggression. In M. B. Zanna (Ed.) Advances in experimental social Psychology (vol. 32, p 63-133). San Diego: Academic Press. Berkowitz, L. (1989). Frustration-aggression hypothesis: Examination and reformulation. Psychological Bulletin, 106, 59-73. Catalano, R., Novaco, R., & McConnell, W. (1997). A model of the net effect of job loss on violence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 1440-1447. Cohen, D., Nisbett, R. E., Bowdle, B. F., & Schwarz, N. (1996). Insult aggression and the southern culture of honor: An "experimental ethnobiography." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 945-960. Geen, R. G. (1998). Aggression and antisocial behavior. In D. T. Gilbert, S. T. Fiske, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), The Handbook of Social Psychology (4th ed., Vol. 2, pp. 317-356). New York: McGraw-Hill. Green, D. P., Glaser, J., & Rich, A. (1998). From Lynching to gay bashing: The elusive connection between economic conditions and hate crimes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 82-92.Pedersen, W. C., Gonzales, C., & Miller, N. (2000). The moderating effect of trivial triggering provocation in displaced aggression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 78, 913-927.
Rotton, J., & Cohn, E. G.
(2000).
Violence is a curvilinear function of temperature in Dallas: A
replication. Journal
of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 1074-1081. Vandello, J. A., & Cohen, D. (2003). Male honor and female fidelity: Implicit cultural scripts that perpetuate domestic violence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 84, 997-1010. |
|
WEEK 3 (9/9 & 9/11) |
ALTRUISM : WHY DO WE HELP? [44 pages] Batson, C. D. (1994). Why act for the public good - Four Answers. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 20, 603-610. [e] Batson, C. D., Ahmad, N., Yin, J., Bedell, S. J., Johnson, J. W, Templin, C. M. & Whiteside, A. (1999). Two threats to the common good: Self-interested egoism and empathy-induced altruism. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25, 3-16. [e] Stürmer, S., Snyder, M., Kropp, A., & Siem, B. (2006). Empathy-Motivated Helping: The Moderating Role of Group Membership. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32, 943-956. [e]Deelstra, J. T., et al. (2003). Receiving instrumental
support at work: When Help is not welcome. Journal of Applied
Psychology, 88, 324-331. [e] Supplementary Readings Batson, C. D. (1987). Prosocial Motivation: Is it
ever truly altruistic? In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances
in experimental social Psychology (vol. 20, p 65-122). San
Diego: Academic Press. Betancourt, H. (1990). An
attribution-empathy model of helping behavior: Behavioral intentions
and judgments of help-giving. Personality and Social
Psychology Bulletin, 16, 573-591. Carlson, M., & Miller, N. (1987). Explaining the relation between negative mood and helping. Psychological Bulletin, 102, 91-108. Dovidio, J. F., & Penner, L. A. (2001). Helping and altruism. G. J. O. Fletcher & Margaret S. Clark (Eds.), Blackwell handbook of social psychology: Interpersonal processes (pp. 162-195). Malden, MA: Blackwell. Flynn, F. J., & Lake, V. K. B. (2008). If you
need help, just ask: Underestimating compliance with direct
requests for help. Journal
of Personality and Social Psychology, 95, 128-143. Levin, M., Prosser, A., Evans, D., & Reicher, S. (2005). Identity and emergency intervention: How social group membership and inclusiveness of group boundaries shape helping behavior. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31, 443-453. Pembrerton, M. & Sedikides, C. (2001). When do individuals help close others improve? The role of information diagnosticity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81 , 234-246. |
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WEEK 4 (9/16 & 9/18) |
SOCIAL COMPARISON: OTHERS AS CONTEXT FOR SELF-ASSESSMENT [61 pages] Buunk, A. P., & Gibbons, F. X. (2007). Social Comparison: The end of a theory and teh emergence of a field. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 102, 3-21. [e] Blanton, H., Crocker, J., & Miller, D. T. (2000). The effects of in-group versus out-group social comparison on self-esteem in the context of a negative stereotype. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 36, 519-530. [e] Kulik, J. A., Mahler, H. I. M., Moore, P. J. (1996). Social comparison and affiliation under threat: Effects on recovery from major surgery. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 967-979. [e] Johnson, C. S., & Stapel, D. A. (2007). No
pain, no gain. The conditions under which upward comparisoins lead to
better performance. Journal
of Personality and Social Psychology, 92, 1051-1067. [e]
Brewer, M. B., & Weber, J. G. (1994). Self-evaluation effects of interpersonal versus intergroup social comparison. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66 , 268-275. Darley, J. (2001). Social comparison
motives in ongoing groups. In M. A. Hogg, & R. S. Tindale
(Eds), Blackwell handbook of
social psychology: Group processes (pp. 334-351). Malden, MA:
Blackwell. Gibbons, F. X., et al. (2002).
Comparison-level preferences after performance: Is downward comparison
theory still useful? Journal
of Personality and Social Psychology, 83, 865-880. Muller, D., Atzeni, T., & Butera, F. (2004). Coaction and upward social comparison reduce the illusory conjunction effect: Support for distraction-conflict theory. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 40, 659-665. Taylor, S. E., Wayment, H. A., & Carrillo, M. (1996). Social comparison, self-regulation, and motivation. In R. M. Sorrentiano, and E. T. Higgins (Eds), Handbook of motivation and cognition, Vol 3: Interpersonal context (pp. 3-27). New York: Guilford. Wheeler, L., Martin, R., & Suls, J. (1997). The proxy model of social comparison for self-assessment of abilities. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 1, 54-61. Williams, K. D., Harkins, S. G., & Karau, S. J. (2003). Social performance. In M. A. Hogg, & J. Cooper (Eds.), Sage handbook of social psychology (pp. 327-346). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Wilson, A. E., & Ross, M. (2000).
The frequency of temporal-self and social comparisons in people's
personal appraisals. Journal of Personality and Social
Psychology, 78, 928-942. Wood, J. V. (1989). Theory and research concerning social comparison of person attributes. Psychological Bulletin, 106, 231-248.
Wood, J. V., Giordano-Beech, M., & Ducharme, M. J. (1999). Compensating for failure through social comparison. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25 , 1350-1386. |
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WEEK 5 (9/23 & 9/25) |
SELF-CATEGORIZATION, SOCIAL IDENTITY, AND INTERGROUP BIAS [74 pages] Turner, J. C., & Haslam, S. A. (2001). Social identity, organizations, and leadership. In M. E. Turner (Ed.), Groups at work: Theory and research (pp. 25-65). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. Jackson, L. A., Sullivan, L. A., Harnish, R., & Hodge, C. N. (1996). Achieving Positive Social Identity: Social mobility, social creativity, and permeability of group boundaries. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 241-254. [e] Brewer, M. B. (1991). The social self: On being the same
and different at the same time. Personality and Social
Psychology Bulletin, 17, 475-482. [e]
Bourhis, R. Y., & Gagnon, A. (2001).
Social orientations in the minimal group paradigm. In
R. Brown & S. Gartner (Eds), Blackwell handbook of social
psychology: Intergroup processes (pp. 89-111). Malden, MA:
Blackwell. Branscombe, N. R., Spears, R., Ellemers, N., & Doosje, B. (2002). Intragroup and intergroup evaluation effects on group behavior. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, 744-753. Brewer, M. B., & Gardner, W. (1996). Who
is this "we"?: Levels of collective identity and self representations. Journal
of Personality and Social Psychology, 71 , 83-93. Crisp, R. J., Hewstone, M., & Rubin, M.
(2001). Does multiple categorization reduce intergroup bias?
Personality and Social Psychology
Bulletin, 27, 76-89. Diehl, M. (1990). The minimal group paradigm: Theoretical explanations and empirical findings. In W. Stroebe & M. Hewstone (Eds.), European review of social psychology (Vol. 1, pp. 263-292). Chichester: Wiley. Dovidio, J. F., Gaertner, S. L., &
Validzic, A. (1998). Intergroup bias: Status, differentiation, and a
common in-group identity. Journal of Personality and Social
Psychology , 75, 109-120. Giessner, S. R., Viki, G. T., Otten, S.,
Terry, D. J, & Tauber, S. (2006). The challenge of
merging: Merger patterns, premerger status, and merger support. Personality and Social Psychology
Bulletin, 32,
339-352. Hornsey, M. J., & Jetten, J. (2004)
The individual within the group: Balancing the need to belong with the
need to be different. Personality
and Social Psychology Review, 8, 248-264. Leonardelli, G. J., & Brewer, M. B.
(2001). Minority and
majority discrimination: When and why? Journal of Experimental
Social Psychology, 37,
468-485. Pickett, C. L., & Brewer, M. B. (2001). Assimilation and differentiation needs as motivational determinants of perceived in-group and out-group homogeneity. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 37, 341-348. Turner, J. C., & Oakes, P. J. (1989). Self-Categorization theory and social influence. In P. B. Paulus (Ed.), Psychology of group influence (2nd ed., pp. 223- 275). Hillsdale NJ: Erlbaum. |
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WEEK 6 (9/30 & 10/2) |
"ME" VS. "US": SOCIAL DILEMMAS AND MIXED-MOTIVES SITUATIONS [65 pages] Van Lange, P. A. M., Liebrand, W. B. G., Messick, D. M., & Wilke, H. A. M. (1992). Social dilemmas: The state of the art - Introduction and literature Review. In W. B. G. Liebrand, D. M. Messick, & H. A. M. Wilke (Eds.), Social dilemmas: Theoretical issues and research findings (pp. 3-28). Oxford, UK: Pergamon Press. Van Lange, P. A. M., Ouwerkerk, J. W., & Tazelaar, M. J. A. (2002). How to overcome the detrimental effects of noise in social interaction: The benefits of generosity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 768-780. [e]Winquist, J. R., & Larson, J. R., Jr. (2004). Source of the discontinuity effect: Playing against a group versus being in a group. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 40, 675-682. [e] Wildschut, T., Insko, C. A., & Gaertner, L. (2002). Intragroup social influence and intergroup competition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 975- 992. [e]
Allison, S. T., McQueen, L. R., & Schaerfl, L. M. (1992). Social decision making processes and the equal partitionment of shared resources. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , 28, 23-42. Anderson, L. M., & Pearson, C. M. (1999). Tit for tat? The spiraling effect of incivility in the workplace. Academy of Management Review, 24, 452-471. Bornstein, G. (2003). Intergroup
conflict: Individual, group, and collective interests. Personality
and Social Psychology Review, 7, 129-145. Bouas, K. S., & Komorita, S. S. (1996).
Group discussion and cooperation in social dilemmas. Personality
and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22, 1144-1150. Brucks, W. M., & Van Lange, P. A. M. (2007). When prosocials act like proselfs in a commons dilemma. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 33, 750-758. Chan, X-P. (1996). The group-based binding pledge as a solution to public goods problems. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 66, 192-202. de Drew, C. K. W., Koole, S. L., & Steinel, W. (2000). Unfixing the fixed pie: A motivated information-processing approach to integrative negotiation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 975-987. Kerr, N. L., Garst, J., Lewandowski, D. A., & Harris, S. E. (1997). That still, small voice: Commitment to cooperate as an internalized versus a social norm. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23, 1300-1311. Kurzban, R., McCabe, K., Smith, V. L., & Wilson, B. J. (2001). Incremental commitment and reciprocity in a real-time public goods game. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27, 1662-1673.
Mulder, L. B., van Dijk, E., De Cremer, D., & Wilke, H. A. M. (2006). When sanctions fail to increase cooperation in social dilemmas: Considering the presence of an alternative option to defect. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32, 1312-1324.<> Pinter, B., Insko, C. A., Wildschut, T., Kirchner, J. L., Montoya, R. M., & Wolf, S. T (2007). Reduction of Interindividual-Intergroup discontinuity: The role of leader accountability and proneness to guilt. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93, 250-265.Pruitt, D. G. (1998). Social conflict. In D. T. Gilbert, S. T. Fiske, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), The handbook of social psychology (4th ed., vol. 2, pp. 470-530). New York: Oxford University Press. Thompson, L., Peterson, E., & Brodt, S. E. (1996). Team negotiation: An examination of integrative and distributive bargaining. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 70, 66-78. Van Lange,
P. A. M., & Visser, K.
(1999). Locomotion in social dilemmas: How people adapt to
cooperative, tit-for-tat, and noncooperative partners. Journal
of Personality and Social Psychology,
77, 762-773. Wade-Benzoni, K. A., Tenbrunsel, A. E., &
Bazerman, M. H. (1996). Egocentric interpretations of fairness in
asymmetric, environmental social dilemmas: Explaining harvesting
behavior and the role of communication. Organizational Behavior and
Human Decision Processes , 67, 111-126. Weber, J. M., Kopelman, S., & Messick, D. M. (2004). A conceptual review of decision making in social dilemmas: Applying a logic of appropriateness. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 8, 281-307. |
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WEEK 7 (10/7 & 10/9) |
COALITION FORMATION [63 pages] Cook, K. S., & Gillmore, M. R. (1984). Power, dependence, and coalitions. In E. J. Lawler, & B. Markousky (Eds.), Advances in group process (Vol. 1, pp. 27- 58). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press. van Beest, I., van Dijk, E., De Dreu, C. K. W., & Wilke,
H.
(2005). Do-no-harm in coalition formation: Why losses inhibit
exclusion and promote fairness cognitions. Journal of
Experimental Social
Psychology, 41, 609-617. [e] Mannix, E. A. (1993). Organizations as resource dilemmas: The
effects of power balance on coalition formation in small groups. Organizational
Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 55, 1-22. [e]
Cook, K. S., & Yamagishi, T. (1992). Power in exchange networks: A power- dependence formulation. Social Networks, 14, 245-265. Komorita, S. S., & Parks, C. D. (1995). Interpersonal relations: Mixed Motive interaction. Annual Review of Psychology, 46, 183-207. Miller, C. E., & Wong, J. (1986). Coalition behavior: Effects of earned versus unearned resources. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 38 , 257-277. Willer, D. (1992). Predicting power in exchange networks: A brief history and introduction to the issues, Special Issue: The location of power in exchange networks. Social Networks , 14, 187-211. |
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WEEK 8 (10/14 & 10/16) |
A FRAMEWORK FOR THINKING ABOUT GROUP PERFORMANCE [19 pages] Larson, J. R., Jr. (in press). Introduction: Mapping the territory. In Larson, J. R., Jr., In search of synergy: Prospects and problems for performance gains in small groups (Chapter 1). New York: Psychology Press (19 pp. est.) See course Blackboard site [e]
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WEEK 9 (10/21 & 10/23) |
SOCIAL STRUCTURE AND SOCIAL POWER [75 pages]
Molm, L. D. (1987). Power-dependence theory: Power processes and negative outcomes. In E. J. Lawler, & B. Markousky (Eds.), Advances in group process (Vol. 4, pp. 171-198). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press. Molm, L. D. (1997). Risk and power use: Constraints on the use of coercion in exchange. American Sociological Review , 62, 113-133. [e] Kipnis, D. (1972). Does Power
Corrupt? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 24
, 33-41. [e]
Galinsky, A. D., Gruenfeld, D. H., &
Magee, J. C. (2003). From power to action. Journal of Personality and Social
Psychology, 85,
453-466. Keltner, D., Gruenfeld, D. H., & Anderson,
C. (2003). Power, approach, and inhibition. Psychological
Review, 110, 265-284. Molm, L. D., Quist, T. M., & Wiseley, P.
A. (1994). Imbalanced structures, unfair strategies: Power and justice
in social exchange. American Sociological Review, 59,
98-121. Podsakoff, P. M., & Schriesheim, C. A. (1985). Field studies of French and Raven's bases of power: Critique, reanalysis, and suggestions for further research. Psychological Bulletin , 97, 387-411. Raven, B. H. (1990). Political applications of the psychology of interpersonal influence and social power. Political Psychology, 11, 493-520. Törnblom, K. Y. (1988). Positive and negative allocations: A typology and a model for conflicting justice principles. In E. J. Lawler, & B. Markovsky (Eds.), Advances in group processes (Vol. 5, pp. 141-168). Greenwich CT: JAI Press. |
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WEEK 10 (10/28 & 10/30) |
LEADERSHIP IN GROUPS AND ORGANIZATIONS [54 pages] Hollander, E. P., & Julian, J. W. (1970). Studies in leader legitimacy, influence, and innovation. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.). Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 5, pp. 33-69). New York: Academic Press. Dirks, K. T. (2000). Trust in leadership and team
performance: Evidence from NCAA basketball. Journal of Applied
Psychology, 85, 1004-1012. [e] Vroom, V. H., & Jago, A. G. (2007). The role of the situation in leadership. American Psychologist, 62, 17-24. [e]
Chemers, M. M. (2001). Leader effectiveness: An
integrative review. In M. A. Hogg & R. S. Tindale (Eds), Blackwell
handbook of social psychology: Group processes (pp. 376-399).
Malden,
MA: Blackwell. Fiedler, F. E., & Garcia, J. E. (1987).
New approaches to Effective leadership. New York: Wiley. Hollander, E. P. (1985). Leadership and power. In G. Lindzey & E. Aronson (Eds.), Handbook of Social Psychology (2nd ed., Vol. 2, pp. 485-538). Larson, J. R., Jr., Foster-Fishman, P. G., & Franz, T. M. (1998). Leadership style and the discussion of shared and unshared information in decision-making groups. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 24, 482-495. Peterson, R. S. (1997). A
directive leadership style in group decision making can be both virtue
and vice: Evidence from elite and experimental groups. Journal
of Personality and Social Psychology, 72
, 1107-1121. Peterson, R. S. (1999). Can you have too much of
a good
thing? The limits of voice for improving satisfaction with
leaders. Personality and Social Psychology
Bulletin , 25,
313-324. Sorrentino, R. M., & Field, N. (1986). Emergent leadership over time. The fundamental value of positive motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50 , 1091-1099. Yukl, G., & Van Fleet, D. D. (1992). Theory and research on leadership in organizations. In M. D. Dunnette, & L. M. Hough (Eds.), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology (2nd ed., Vol. 3, pp. 147-197). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press. Van Vugt, M., & De Cremer, D. (1999). Leadership in social dilemmas: The effects of group identification on collective actions to provide public goods. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76 , 587-599. Zaccaro, S. J. (2007). Trait-based perspectives of leadership. American Psychologist, 62, 6-16. Zaccaro, S. J., Foti, R. J., & Kenny, D. A. (1991). Self-monitoring and trait-based variance in leadership: An investigation of leader flexibility across multiple group situations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 76, 308- 315. |
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WEEK 11 (11/4 & 11/6) |
WORKING HARD VS. HARDLY WORKING: HOW THE PRESENCE OF OTHERS AFFECTS PERFORMANCE [75 pages] Larson, J. R., Jr. (in press). Motivation: Energizing behavior in groups. In Larson, J. R., Jr., In search of synergy: Prospects and problems for performance gains in small groups (Chapter 8). New York: Psychology Press (34 pp. est.) See course Blackboard site [e] Strube, M. J. (2005). What did Triplett really find? A
contemporary analysis of the first experiment in social
psychology. American
Journal of Psychology, 118,
271-286. Sanna, L. J. (1992). Self-efficacy theory: Implications for social facilitation and social loafing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62, 774- 786. [e] Messé, L. A., Hertel, G., Kerr, N. L., Lount, R. B.,
Jr., & Park, E. S. (2002). Knowledge of partner's ability as
a moderator of group motivation gains: An exploration of the
Köhler discrepancy effect. Journal of Personality and Social
Psychology , 82, 935-946. [e] Supplementary Readings Blascovich, J., Mendes, W. B., Hunter, S. B., & Salomon, K. (1999). Social "facilitation" as challenge and threat. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 68-77. Butler, J. L. & Baumeister, R. F. (1998). The trouble with friendly faces: Skilled performance with a supportive audience. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 75 , 1213-1230. Geen, R. G. (1989). Alternative conceptions of
social
facilitation. In P. B. Paulus (Ed.), Psychology of group influence
(2nd ed., pp. 15-51). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Hoeksema-van Orden, C. Y. D., Gaillard, A. W. K., & Buunk, B. P. (1998). Social loafing under fatigue. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75 , 1179-1190. Hertel, G., Kerr, N. L., & Messé,
L. A. (2000). Motivation gains in performance groups:
Paradigmatic and theoretical developments on the Köhler effect. Journal
of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 580-601. Shepperd, J. A. (1993). Productivity loss in
performance groups: A motivational analysis. Psychological Bulletin,
113, 67-81. Triplett, N. (1898). The Dynamogenic factors in pacemaking and competition. American Journal of Psychology, 9, 507-533. http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Triplett/ |
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WEEK 12 (11/11 & 11/13) |
GROUPS AS PROBLEM-SOLVERS [61 pages] Larson, J. R., Jr. (in press). Problem Solving:
Performing Tasks with Correct Solutions. In Larson, J. R., Jr., In search
of synergy: Prospects
and problems for performance gains in small groups (Chapter
4).
New York: Psychology Press (29
pp. est.) See course Blackboard site [e] Shaw, M. (1932). Comparison of individuals and small groups in the rational solution of complex problems. American Journal of Psychology, 44, 491-504. [e] Lorge, I., & Solomon, H. (1955). Two models of group behavior in the solution of eureka-type problems. Psychometrika, 20, 139-148. Laughlin, P. R., Hatch, E. C., Silver, J. S., & Boh, L. (2006). Groups perform better than the best individuals on Letters-to-Niumbers problems: Effect of group size. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90, 644-651. [e] Supplementary Readings Brodbeck, F. C., & Greitemeyer, T. (2000). Effects of individual versus mixed individual and group experience in rule induction on group member learning and group performance. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 36, 621-648. Hastie, R., & Pennington, N. (1991). Cognitive and social processes in decision making. In L. B. Resnick, J. M. Levine, & S. D. Teasley (Eds.), Perspectives on socially shared cognition (pp. 308-327). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Hoffman, L. R. (1982). Improving the problem-solving process in managerial groups. In R. A. Guzzo (Ed.), Improving group decision making in organizations: Approaches from theory and research (pp. 95-126). New York: Academic Press. Kerwin, J., & Shaffer, D. R. (1994). Mock jurors versus
mock juries: The role of Deliberations in reactions to inadmissible
testimony. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 20,
153-162. Ohtsubo, Y., Miller, C. E., Hayashi, N., & Masuchi, A.
(2004). Effects of group decision rules on decisions involving
continuous alternatives: The unanimity rule and extreme decisions in
mock civil juries. Journal
of Experimental Social Psychology, 40, 320-331. Littlepage, G. E., Schmidt, G. W., Whisler, E. W., & Frost, A. G. (1995). An input-process-output analysis of influence and performance in problem-solving groups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 877-889. Michaelsen, L. K., Watson, W. E., & Black, R. H. (1989). A realistic test of Individual versus group consensus decision making. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74, 834-839. Paulus, P. B.. (1998). Developing consensus about
groupthink after all these years. Organizational Behavior and
Human Decision Processes, 73, 362-374. Stasser, G. (1999). A primer on social decision scheme
theory: Models of group influence, competitive model-testing, and
prospective modeling. Organizational Behavior and Human
Decision Processes, 80, 3-20. Tindale, R. S., & Larson, J. R., Jr. (1992). Assembly bonus effect or typical group performance? A comment on Michaelsen, Watson, and Black (1989). Journal of Applied Psychology, 77, 102-105 |
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WEEK 13 (11/18 & 11/20) |
GROUPS AS DECISION MAKERS [88 pages] Larson, J. R., Jr. (in press). Decision Making: Selecting From Among Discrete Choice Alternatives. In Larson, J. R., Jr., In search of synergy: Prospects and problems for performance gains in small groups (Chapter 6). New York: Psychology Press (33 pp. est.) See course Blackboard site [e] Winquist, J. R., & Larson, J. R., Jr. (1998). Information pooling: When it impacts group decision making. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 371-377. [e]Larson, J. R., Jr.
(1997). Modeling the
entry of shared and unshared information into group discussion: A
review and BASIC language computer program. Small Group
Research, 28,
454-479. [e] Stasser, G. (2002). Information distribution, participation, and group decision: Explorations with the DISCUSS and SPEAK models. In D. R. Ilgen, & C. L. Hulin (Eds.), Computational modeling of behavior in organizations (pp. 135-156). Washington, DC. American Psychological Association.
Gigone, D. & Hastie, R. (1993).
Information sharing and group judgment. Journal of Personality and
Social Psychology , 65, 959-874. Gilbert, N., & Troitzsch, K. G. (1999).
Simulation for the social scientist. Buckingham: UK.
Open University Press. Greitemeyer, T., & Schulz-Hardt, S.
(2003). Preference consistent evaluation of information in the
hidden profile paradigm: Beyond group-level explanations for the
dominance of shared information in group decisions. Journal of Personality and Social
Psychology, 84,
322-339. Ilgen, D. R., & Hulin, C. L. (Eds.) (2002). Computational
modeling of behavior in organizations. Washington, DC.
American Psychological Association. Larson, J. R., Jr., Christensen, C., Franz, T.
M., & Abbott, A. S. (1998). Diagnosing groups: The pooling,
management, and impact of shared and unshared case information in
team-based medical decision making. Journal of Personality
and Social Psychology, 75, 93-108 Latané,
B., &
Bourgeois, M. J. (2001). Successfully simulating dynamic social
impact.:
Three levels of prediction. In J. P. Forgas, & K. D. Williams
(Eds.), Social influence: Direct and indirect processes (pp.
61-76).
Philadelphia, PA: Psychology Press. Liang, D. W., Moreland, R., &
Argote,
L. (1995). Group versus individual training and group
performance: The mediating role of transactive memory. Personality and Social Psychology
Bulletin, 21,
384-393. Liebrand, W. B. G., Nowak, A., & Hegselmann, R.
(Eds.). (1998). Computer modeling of social processes.
Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Lewandowski. S. (1993). The rewards and hazards
of
computer simulations. Psychological Science, 4,
236-243. Nowak, A. (2004). Dynamical minimalism: Why less
is more in psychology. Personality and Social Psychology Review,
8, 183-192. Ostrom, T. M. (1988). Computer simulation: THe
third symbol system. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,
24, 382-383. Prietula, M. J., Carley, K. M., & Gasser, L.
(1998).
Simulating organizations: Computational models of institutions
and
groups. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Read, S. J., & Urada, D. I. (2003). A neural
network simulation of the outgroup homogeneity effect. Personality
and Social Psychology Review, 7, 146-169. Smith, E. R., & Conrey, F. R. (2007). Agent-based modeling: A new approach for theory building in social psychology. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 11, 87-104,
Stasser, G. (1988). Computer simulation as a research tool: The DISCUSS model of group decision making. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 24, 393-422. Stasser, G. (1992). Pooling of unshared information during discussion. In S. Worchel, W. Wood, & J. A. Simpson (Eds.), Group process and productivity (pp. 48-67). Newbury Park, CA: Sage. Stasser, G., & Taylor, L. A (1991). Speaking turns in face-to-face discussions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 657-684. Wittenbaum, G. M., Stasser, G., & Merry,
C. J. (1996). Tacit coordination in anticipation of small group
task completion. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , 32,
129-152. Wittenbaum, G. M., Hubbell, A. P., & Zuckerman, C.
(1999). Mutual enhancement: Toward an understanding of the
collective preference for shared information. Journal of
Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 967-978.
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WEEK 14 (11/25) |
GROUPS AS IDEA GENERATORS [49 pages] Larson, J. R., Jr. (in press). Idea Generation: Creative Thinking in Groups. In Larson, J. R., Jr., In search of synergy: Prospects and problems for performance gains in small groups (Chapter 3). New York: Psychology Press (37 pp. est.) See course Blackboard site [e] Paulus, P. B., & Yang, H-C. (2000). Idea generation
in groups: A basis for creativity in organizations. Organizational Behavior and Human
Decision Processes, 82,
76-87. [e]
Brown, V., Tumeo, M., Larey, T. S., & Paulus, P. B.
(1998). Modeling cognitive interaction during
brainstorming. Small
Group Research, 29,
495-526. Dennis, A. R., & Williams, M. L. (2005). A
meta-analysis of group size effects in electronic brainstorming: More
heads are better than one. International Journal of
e-Collaboration, 1,
24-42. Diehl, M., & Stroebe, W. (1987). Productivity
loss in brainstorming groups: Toward the solution of a riddle. Journal of Personality and Social
Psychology, 53,
497-509. McGlynn, R. P., McGurk, D., Effland, V. S., Johll, N.
L., & Harding, D. J. (2004). Brainstorming and task
performance in groups constrained by evidence. Organizational Behavior and Human
Decision Processes, 93,
75-87. Nijstad, B. A., Stroebe, W., & Lodewijkx, H.
F. M. (2003). Production blocking and idea generation: Does
blocking interfere with cognitive processes? Journal of Experimental Social
Psychology, 39,
531-548. Paulus, P. B., Dzindolet, M. T., Poletes, G., &
Camacho, L. M. (1993). Perception of performance in group
brainstorming: The illusion of group productivity. Personality
and Social Psychology Bulletin, 19, 78-89. Weldon, E., & Mustari, E. L. (1988). Felt dispensability in groups of coactors: The effects of shared responsibility and explicit anonymity on cognitive effort. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 41, 330-351. |
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WEEK 15 (12/2 & 12/4) |
THE COMPOSITION OF SMALL GROUPS [77 pages]
Larson, J. R., Jr. (in press). Group Composition: The
Problem of Diversity Within Groups. In Larson, J. R., Jr., In search
of synergy: Prospects
and problems for performance gains in small groups (Chapter
9).
New York: Psychology Press (33
pp. est.) See course Blackboard site [e] Phillips, K. W., Mannix E. A., Neale, M. A., & Gruenfeld,
D. H. (2004). Diverse groups and information sharing. The
effects of congruent ties. Journal of Experimental Social
Psychology, 40, 497-510. [e] Van der Vegt, G. S., Bunderson, J. S., & Oosterhof, A.
(2006). Expertness diversity and interpersonal helping in teams:
Why those who need the most help end up getting the least. Academy
of Management Journal, 49, 877-893. [e] Hart, C. M., & Van Vugt, M. (2006). From fault line
to group fission: Understanding membership changes in small
groups. Personality
and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32, 392-404. [e]
Arrow, H., & McGrath, J. E. (1995). Membership dynamic in groups at work: A theoretical framework. In L. L. Cummings & B. M. Staw (Eds.), Research in organizational behavior (Vol. 17, pp. 373-411). Greenwich CT: JAI Press. Bonito, J. A. & Hollingshead, A. B. (1997). Participation in small groups. In B. R. Burleson (Ed.), Communication yearbook 20 (pp. 227-267). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Ennett, S. T., &
Bauman,
K. E. (1994). The contribution of influence and selection to adolescent
peer group homogeneity: The case of adolescent cigarette smoking. Journal
of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 653-663. Gruenfeld, D. H., Martorana, P. V., & Fan, E. T. (2000). What do groups learn from their worldliest members? Direct and indirect influenced in dynamic teams. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 82, 45-59. Heckathorn, D. D. (1992). Collective sanctions and group heterogeneity: Cohesion and polarization in normative systems. In E. J. Lawler, B. Markovsky, C. Ridgeway, & H. A. Walker (Eds.), Advances on group processes (Vol. 9, pp. 237-280). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press. Jackson, S. E., Brett, J. F,, Sessa, V. I., Cooper, D.
M., Julin, J. A., & Peyronnin, K. (1991). Some differences make a
difference: Individual dissimilarity and group heterogeneity as
correlates of recruitment, promotions, and turnover. Journal of
Applied Psychology, 76, 675-689. Moreland, R. L., & Levine, J. M. (1992). The composition of small groups. In E. J. Lawler, B. Markovsky, C. Ridgeway, & H. A. Walker (Eds.), Advances in group processes (Vol. 9, pp. 237-280). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press. Moreland, R. L., & McMinn, J. G. (1999). Gone but not forgotten: Loyalty and betrayal among ex-members of small groups. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25, 1476-1486. Swann, W. B., Jr., Polzer, J. T., Seyle, D. C., & Ko, S. J. (2004). Finding value in diversity: Verification of personal and social self-views in diverse groups. Academy of Management Review, 29, 9-27. |
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FINALS WEEK |
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Students with disabilities who require accommodation for access and participation in this course should contact the instructor as soon as possible after the start of the semester. All such students must be registered with the Office of Disability Services (ODS). Please contact ODS at 312-413-2183 (voice) or 312-413-0123 (TTY).