V I S U A L
C O M M U N I C A T I O N
c o m m 494
Visual Communication, Spring 2003
Thursdays, 12:30 3 p.m., Call No. 08393
University of IllinoisChicago, 137
b s b
Kevin G. Barnhurst, Ph.D., Associate Head, Department of Communication
Hours: Tues. & Thurs. 3 4, and by appointment (312) 413-3231
Office 1148a
b s b. E-mail
kgbcomm()uic.edu
d e s c r i p t i o n
Explores role of media images in the cultural circuit, where meaning emerges
not from objects (and products) but from the way they are represented, through
verbal and visual language. Analytical approaches include semiotics, form poetics,
spectatorship, stereotyping, and genre. Examines representations of race, nation,
sex/gender, and power.
g o a l s
To deepen skills for viewing the media
To increase knowledge needed to analyze visual media
To develop judgment to evaluate media imagery
r a t i o n a l e
To reach these goals, we will join in the following activities:
Viewing. This is a visual course. Every class session will include images films, slides, videos, and/or printed designs. Always have a magazine, a newspaper, an ad, or even a video with you when you come to class. Begin collecting images to create a source file.
Reading. Each unit will involve reading and completing
the exercises from a chapter in the required textbook, and reading a supplementary
article from the readings packet and completing a one-page summary (using the
Reading Form on line). Required: Readings
packet (from GFC Copy Center, Daley Library main floor, 801
S. Morgan St.), plus
Hall, Stuart, ed. 1997.
Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices. London:
Sage & Open University. (Order on line.)
Discussion. Come prepared to discuss the readings based on your notes from the assigned chapter, including any questions that arose during your reading. Be prepared to hand in these notes. When assigned a supplementary reading from the packet, share your Reading Form electronically before class and come prepared to comment during class.
Graduate students take a leading role in class. Besides assigned readings, they do some supplementary readings and attend at least five research talks of their choice, held at UIC or any other venue, and describe them to the class (turning in a one-page outline or form).
Presentations. Each unit will include an informal (usually small-group) presentation and discussion. Graduate students only: One of these will be presented to the entire class, then written as a term paper, due at the beginning of the second class after the presentation.
Exams. The two exams will be your opportunity to view samples from the media and demonstrate the analytical skills acquired in class.
Tentative Outline
January 16, Introduction
Video, "Representation and the Media" (Hall)
Reading, Chapter 1
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v i s i b l e
s i g n s
How to interpret media images using a basic vocabulary from semiotics.
January 23
Reading, Packet 1, Gross, Katz, and Ruby, pp. 333.
Video, Ways of Seeing, Part V. "Publicity" (Berger)
After the video, identify the particular signs and myths Berger mentions (and
illustrates). Turn in your list at the beginning of the next class.
January 30
Reading, Packet 2,
Barthes, 1525.
For step-by-step instructions for analyzing signs see http://www.uic.edu/~kgbcomm/didact/html/signanal.htm
February 6
Reading, Packet 3, Ewen, pp. 1933.
Assignment 1.
Select a print ad, list the signs and their meanings, and describe and name
the relevant myths. Bring the ad and your typewritten outline for discussion.
u n i t
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n a t i o n a l
i d e n t i t y
February 13
No class; work with your assigned partner.
Reading, Read the web page www.hbs.edu/mml/zmet.html and read one article link each: www.hbs.edu/mml/fortune.html or www.fastcompany.com/online/14/zaltman.html
Assignment 2.
Create a zmet collage
and (with a partner) write an interpretation.
February 20
How to study the ways audience members build media images into their interpretations.
Reading, Chapter 2
u n i t
i i i .\
s t e r e o t y p i n g
February 27
How to read stereotypes and distinguish them from types.
Reading, Chapter 4
(not Chapter 3)
March 6
Reading, Packet 4, Craig, pp. 3442.
Video, "Ethnic Notions: Black People in White Peoples Minds"
March 13 Midterm Exam
Using one of the techniques covered in class, analyze an image shown in class.
March 1721,
Spring vacation. No classes.
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v i s u a l
f o r m
March 27
How to parse the elements and attributes of media images using concepts from formalism.
Film, The Wizard of Oz (Fleming)
Reading, Chapter 3
April 3
Reading, Packet 5, Barnhurst, pp. 85105.
Assignment 3.
Select a public exhibit, list the elements of its poetics, and describe its
politics. Bring drawings or instant snapshots with your typed outline for discussion.
For guidelines to review the quality of your work, see http://www.uic.edu/~kgbcomm/didact/htmlpoeticsform.htm
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s p e c t a t o r s h i p
April 10
How to interpret how media images cast or project their audiences.
Reading, Chapter 5.
April 17
Reading, Packet 6, Vinzant, pp. 3450.
Assignment 4.
Field trip, Meet the group at an agreed-upon shopping district. Make notes about
the experience of spectatorship, the codes of masculinity, and other aspects
of shopping.
u n i t
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g e n r e
April 24
How to identify the expectations that genres elicit, focusing on visual imagery.
Reading, Chapter 6.
May 1
Reading, Packet 7, Evans, pp. 46375.
Assignment 5.
Keep a media consumption diary for one week, examine the TV listings, and watch
at least ten minutes of a soap opera (that is, complete all of the activities
described in the chapter). Bring your diary and response notes to discuss and
turn in.
Tuesday, May 6 Final Exam
Using one of the techniques covered in class, analyze an image projected during
the exam.
Other Policies
Participation in the course is based on attendance, preparedness, contributions to class discussions, gathering a source file of media images, and knowledge of readings (including supplementary, when assigned). The paper grade includes an evaluation of the in-class presentation.
Revision of work is encouraged but must be done within one week of receiving feedback on an assignment to alter a grade. Always check in before doing a revision.
As is the case for all university courses, students
must be officially enrolled to attend this seminar. Students with disabilities
who require accommodations for access and participation in the course must be
registered with the Office of Disability Services, which can be reached at (312)
413-2123
for voice or -0123
(t t y).
g r a d i n g
c r i t e r i a
Undergraduates. Participation, 30; Assignments, 35; Midterm, 15, and Final, 20.
Graduates. Participation, 25;
Assignments, 35;
Paper, 15; Midterm,
10; and Final, 15.
a t t e n d a n c e
Class attendance is essential to your success in the class and to the success of the seminar as a group. If youre unable to come fully prepared, please come anyway. Youll benefit. Talk to me in case of illness or another emergency that prevents you from attending class. After the first unexcused absence, missing or arriving late lowers the grade overall (by N-squared percent).
Be sure to make arrangements if you must turn in work late. Unless due to illness, late work is penalized (dropped one full grade), and accepted up to one week after the due date.
Readings Packet
1. Gross, Larry, John Stuart Katz, and Jay Ruby. 1988. "Introduction: A Moral Pause." Image Ethics: The Moral Rights of Subjects in Photographs, Film, and Television, pp. 333. New York: Oxford.
2. Barthes, Roland. 1972. "The World of Wrestling." Mythologies, pp. 1525. New York: Hill & Wang.
3. Ewen, Stuart. 1996. "Dealing in Reality: Protocols of Persuasion." PR! A Social History of Spin, pp. 1933. New York: McGraw-Hill.
4. Craig, Robert L. 1991. "Designing Ethnicity: The Ideology of Images." Design Issues 7.2 (Spring): 3442.
5. Barnhurst, Kevin G. 1996. "The Alternative Vision: Lewis Hines Men at Work and the Dominant Culture." In Inter-Textualities: Photographs & Literature, pp. 85107. Ed. Marsha Bryant. London: Associated University Presses.
6. Vinzant, Carol. 1994. "FAT: How Celebrities Cost You, the Little Guy, Big Bucks Through the Fabulousness-Added-Tax." Spy 8.4 (February): 3450.
7. Evans, Walter. 1992.
"Monster Movies: A Sexual Theory." In Popular Culture: An Introductory
Text, pp. 46375.
Bowling Green, Ohio: Bowling Green State University Popular Press.
Supplementary Reading
The following readings are not assigned in the course but you may want to refer to them when you have particular questions and, for graduate students, when working on the term paper.
Adatto, Kiku. 1988. Picture Perfect. New York: Basic.
Berger, John. 1972. Ways of Seeing. London: BBC/Penguin (also on video).
Burnett, Ron. 1995. Cultures of Vision: Images, Media & the Imaginary. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Crary, Jonathan. 1992. Techniques of the Observer: On Vision and Modernity in the Nineteenth Century. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Ellul, Jacques. 1964. The Technological Society. New York: Vintage.
Evans, Jessica, and Stuart Hall, eds. 1999. Visual Culture: The Reader. London: Sage.
Ewen, Stuart. 1988. All Consuming Images: The Politics of Style in Contemporary Culture. New York: Basic Books.
Fiske, John, and John Hartley. 1978. Reading Television. New Accents. London: Methuen.
Goethals, Gregor T. 1990. The Electronic Golden Calf: Images, Religion, and the Making of Meaning. Cambridge: Cowley.
Hartley, John. 1992. The Politics of Pictures: The Creation of the Public in the Age of Popular Media. New York: Routledge.
Leach, William. 1993. Land of Desire: Merchants, Power & the Rise of a New American Culture. NY: Pantheon.
Lessig, Lawrence. 2002. The Future of Ideas: The Fate of the Commons in a Connected World. New York: Vintage.
Marchand, Roland. 1985. Advertising the American Dream: Making Way for Modernity, 19201940. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Margolin, Victor, ed. Design Discourse: History Theory, Criticism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1989.
Messaris, Paul. 1997. Visual Persuasion: The Role of Images in Advertising. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Messaris, Paul, and Linus Abraham. 2001. "The Role of Images in Framing News Stories." In Framing Public Life: Perspectives on Media and Our Understanding of the Social World, pp. 21526. Mahwah, N.J.: Erlbaum.
Mirsky, Lawrence, and Silvana Tropea, ed. 1995. The News Aesthetic. New York: Cooper Union.
Mirzoeff, Nicholas, ed. 1998. The Visual Culture Reader. London: Routledge.
Mitchell, W.J.T., ed. 1980. The Language of Images. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Mumford, Lewis. 1952. Art and Technics. New York: Columbia University Press.
Postman, Neil. 1985. Amusing Ourselves to Death: Public Discourse in the Age of Show Business. NY: Viking.
Saint-Martin, Fernande. 1987. Semiotics of Visual Language. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Schiller, Herbert I. 1989. Culture, Inc.: The Corporate Takeover of Public Expression. New York: Oxford University Press.
Sheldon, Roy, and Egmont Arens. 1932. "The Prophets of Fashion." Consumer Engineering. pp. 10624. New York: Harper.
Virilio, Paul. 1994. The Vision Machine. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Waisanen, John T. 2002. Thinking Geometrically: Re-Visioning Space for a Multimodal World. Ed. Jennifer Daryl Slack. New York: Peter Lang.
Williamson, Judith. 1978. Decoding Advertisements: Ideology and Meaning in Advertising. London: Boyars.