Seminar in Media Studies
COMM 502 Seminar in Media Studies, Autumn 2002
Tuesdays, 4 – 6:30 p.m. Call No. 32530
University of Illinois, Chicago, BSB 1169
Kevin G. Barnhurst, Ph.D., Associate Professor, Department of Communication
Office BSB 1148A. Hours Tuesdays & Thursdays 2 – 4 p.m. or by appointment
(312) 413-3231 E-mail <kgbcomm()uic.edu>
Web Site http://www.uic.edu/~kgbcomm
(Please note: the above mail link is broken.)
Description
This seminar provides an in-depth, intensive examination of theories, perspectives, and approaches to media studies. The assignments include roughly a dozen one-page summaries of research and theory readings, a midterm examination, and a term paper.
Purposes
To investigate the symbolic social practices that communication media help sustain.
To examine the political, economic, and cultural implications of those practices.
To understand the history of how scholars have conceptualized and studied the communication media.
These are general objectives; the seminar offers neither information nor facts per se. It is an extended conversation about a series of interesting texts we will share, which will enable us to analyze and research modern media of communication. The course is interactive, with reading, discussion, reflection, and critical thinking equally emphasized, and expected of you. The seminar will help you examine the way we live day to day and the ways we organize and conduct life in a media-saturated society.
Readings
The main reading assignment includes several articles that "All" will read. To expose you to the full range of scholarship in the history of media studies, each week also includes a list of "As Assigned" readings. To manage these supplementary readings, each member of the seminar will read a share of the 33 books (marked †) and 33 articles and chapters, preparing a detailed summary to present during the class meeting. Assignments will be made at least two weeks in advance.
The one-page (maximum) summary includes these five elements (labeled in this order): Full bibliographical citation, a nutshell statement of one sentence that summarizes the main point or argument of the reading, one to three key concepts (a list, with brief definitions, of the principal term or terms the author uses), a list of as many as seven brief summaries of secondary ideas and supporting evidence, a brief indication of the research method, and full bibliographic citations on a few of the principal sources the author cites. (See the Reading Form: at my site plus /didact/html/comm502form.htm.) Send the summary by e-mail to all seminar members. Then turn in one copy.
Paper
The term paper can tackle any question in media studies. Choose a topic of interest in consultation with the group, then do a thorough survey of the theoretical literature, identifying in the process a question, issue, or gap in the research. The paper includes five parts: a brief introduction to the issue, a full description of the relevant literature, a short explanation why the issue has significance, a brief indication of further study needed and appropriate methods, and a complete list of references. Early in the semester, submit a proposal (about 3 pages, which will become the paper introduction). It includes the following: topic area (a few words), main question (one sentence), several paragraphs stating the central problem and explaining why it matters, and a list of sources to consult. A draft literature review with references is due shortly after midterm. See the outline for deadlines.
Evaluation
The take-home exam takes place at the end in the semester. Several short essay questions may cover any of the readings from the seminar. Questions generally present an issue or social problem related to the media and leave open several options for answers drawing on any seminar member’s areas of interest and strength. In short, the exam is comprehensive but also flexible.
Course grades follow this formula: Participation, 20 percent; Reading assignments, 35 percent; Final exam, 20 percent; Term paper, 25 percent (of which, 5 percent for the proposal and 10 percent for the literature review).
Outline
Assigned books should be examined and summarized in toto, focusing especially on the chapters indicated.
Key to sumbols: *Overview reading, †book-length reading
Key to seminar members (listed in the order they registered for the class):
MH Megan Hansen AL Angela Lawson MV Michael Vari
CJ Camille Johnson TS Tom Shipp YK Young Kim
TW Thomas Walecka JG Jose Gimenez IR Ivon Rivera
GL Guenther Lengauer SS Sreela Sarkar
Aug. 27. Guest Prof. Steve Jones (Prof. Barnhurst will be out of town.)
New Technology and the Future of Media Studies
All
Go to http://www.pewinternet.org and read at least two of the reports, any you choose.
Jones, Steve. "Music That Moves: Popular Music, Distribution and Network Technologies." Cultural Studies 16.2 (2002): 213–32.
———. "Music and the Internet." Popular Music 19.2 (Fall 2000): 217–30.
As Assigned
MH Sterne, Jonathan. "Thinking the Internet: Cultural Studies vs. The Millennium." In Doing Internet Research: Critical Issues and Methods for Examining the Net, pp. 257–83. Ed. Steve Jones. Thousand Oaks: Sage, 1999.
CJ Baym, Nancy K. "Conclusion." Tune in, Log on: Soaps, Fandom, and On-line Community, pp. 197–218. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage, 2000.
TW Jones, Steve. "Understanding Community in the Information Age." Cybersociety: Computer-Mediated Communication and Community, pp. 10–35. Thousand Oaks: Sage, 1995. Or, alternatively, Jones, Steve. "Information, Internet, and Community: Notes Toward an Understanding of Community in the Information Age." Cybersociety 2.0: Computer-Mediated Communication and Community, pp.1–35. Thousand Oaks: Sage,1998.
Sept. 3.
Overview of Media Studies
All
GL *†Delia, Jesse. "Communication Research: A History." In Handbook of Communication Science, pp. 20–98. Ed. Charles R. Berger and Steven H. Chaffee. Beverly Hills: Sage, 1987.
As Assigned
You will be assigned three textbooks, one advanced, one intermediate, and one basic. (See the Textbook List: http://tigger.uic.edu/~kgbcomm/didact/html/comm502texts.htm.) Write a one-page comparison to share. (Do not use the reading summary form.)
Sept. 10. The 1980s Ferment in the Field and Beyond
All
Barnhurst, Kevin G. "Going Long." Chapter 1 from The New, Long Journalism. Available on line: http://tigger.uic.edu/~kgbcomm/longnews/index.html
Barnhurst, Kevin G. "Politics in the Fine Meshes: Youth, Power & Media." Media, Culture & Society 20.2 (Spring 1998): 201–218.
AL *Theme Issue: Ferment in the Field. Journal of Communication 33.3 (Summer 1983): 4–5, 51–2, 92–5, 103–16, 128–40, 157–65, 174–84, 249–57, 257–61, 311–13, 330–41, 355–62. See also Whitney, D. Charles. "Ferment in the Field," Communication Research 12.1 (January 1985): 133–43.
As Assigned
TS †Herman, Edward S., and Robert W. McChesney. The Global Media: The New Missionaries of Corporate Capitalism. London: Cassell, 1997.
JG †Postman, Neil. Amusing Ourselves to Death: Public Discourse in the Age of Show Business. New York: Viking, 1985; New York: Penguin, 1986.
SS †Meyrowitz, Joshua. 1985. No Sense of Place: The Impact of Electronic Media on Social Behavior. New York: Oxford Univ. Press.
MV †Ong, Walter. Orality & Literacy. London: New Accents, 1982. See especially, "The Orality of Language," pp. 5–15; "Print, Space, and Closure," pp. 117–38; "Oral Memory, the Story Line, and Characterization," pp. 139–55; and " ‘Media’ Versus Human Communication," pp. 175–77.
YK †McLuhan, Marshall. 1964. Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Sept. 17. Guest Prof. Jim Sosnoski
The Rebirth of Cultural Studies in the 1970s
All
Sosnoski, James J., and Bryan Carter, eds. Virtual Experiences of the Harlem Renaissance: The Virtual Harlem Project. Available on line: http://tigger.uic.edu/~sosnoski/VH/ "Introduction" http://tigger.uic.edu/~sosnoski/VH/INTRODUCTION.htm and "Will New Technologies Impair the Critical & Imaginative Capabilities of Students?" http://tigger.uic.edu/~sosnoski/VH/sosnoski.htm
Sosnoski, James J. "Configuring as a Mode of Rhetorical Analysis." In Doing Internet Research: Critical Issues and Methods for Examining the Net, pp. 127–43. Ed. Steve Jones. Thousand Oaks: Sage, 1999.
IR *†duGay, Paul, Stuart Hall, et al. "Making Sense of the Walkman." Doing Cultural Studies: The Story of the Sony Walkman, pp. 8–40. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage, 1997.
As Assigned
GL Balsamo, A. "Public Pregnancies and Cultural Narratives of Surveillance." Technologies of the Gendered Body: Reading Cyborg Women, pp. 80–115. Durham: Duke University Press, 1996.
AL McRobbie, A. "Settling Accounts with Subculture: A Feminist Critique. 1980. Feminism and Youth Culture: From Jackie to Just Seventeen, pp. 16–34. Boston: Unwin Hyman, 1991.
TS Grossberg, Lawrence. "The Formations of Cultural Studies: An American in Birmingham." Bringing It all Back Home: Essays on Cultural Studies, pp. 195–233. Durham: Duke University Press, 1997.
JG Clarke, John. "Introduction." New Times and Old Enemies: Essays on Cultural Studies in America, pp. 1–19. New York: HarperCollins Academic, 1991.
SS Carey, James W. "Communication as Culture." Communication as Culture: Essays on Media and Society, pp. 13–68. Boston: Unwin-Hyman, 1989.
MV Hall, Stuart. "Cultural Studies and the Centre: Some Problematics and Problems." In Culture, Media, Language, pp. 15–47. Ed. Stuart Hall, D. Hobson, et al. London: Hutchinson, 1980.
MH †Clarke, John, Stuart Hall, Tony Jefferson, and Brian Roberts. "Subcultures, Cultures, and Class." In Resistance Through Rituals: Youth Subcultures in Post-War Britain, pp. 9–79. Ed. Stuart Hall & Tony Jefferson. London: HarperCollins Academic, 1976.
YK Hoggart, Richard. "The Scholarship Boy." The Uses of Literacy: Changing Patterns in English Mass Culture, pp. 238–59. 1957. London: Chatto & Windus, 1971. Chapter 10.
Sept. 24. Guest Prof. Jim Danowski (arrives at 4:30 p.m.)
The Mass Culture Debates of the 1940s and 1950s
All
Danowski, James A. "An Emerging Macro-level Theory of Organizational Communication: Organizations as Virtual Reality Management Systems." In Emerging Perspectives in Organizational Communication, pp. 141–174. Ed. L. Thayer & G. Barnett. Norwood, NJ: Ablex, 1993.
———. "Postmaterial Cultural Values Predictors of Internet Development: A Cross-National Study." Paper presented at the International Communication Association annual meeting, Washington, D.C., May 2001.
As Assigned
CJ †Rosenberg, Bernard, and David Manning White, eds. Mass Culture: Popular Arts in America. Glencoe, Ill.: Free Press, 1957. See especially, Dwight MacDonald, "A Theory of Mass Culture," pp. 59–73; Henry Rabassiere, "In Defense of Television," pp. 368–74; and Leslie A. Fiedler, "The Middle Against Both Ends," pp. 537–47.
IR Kronenberger, Howe, and David Riesman, eds. "Editorial Statement" and contributions by Newton Arvin, James Burnham, Allan Dowling, Leslie A. Fiedler, Norman Mailer, Reinhold Niebuhr, Philip Rahv, David Riesman, Mark Schorer, and Lionel Trilling. Symposium: Our Country and Our Culture. Partisan Review XIX (1952): 282–326.
Oct. 1. Guest Prof. Rebecca Lind
Mainstream Research Challenges to the Minimal Effects Model
All
Lind, Rebecca Ann, and Colleen Salo. "The Framing of Feminists and Feminism in News and Public Affairs Programs in U.S. Electronic Media." Journal of Communication 52.1 (March 2002): 211–28.
As Assigned
TW †Iyengar, Shanto, and Donald R. Kinder. News that Matters: Television and American Opinion. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987.
GL Noelle-Neumann, Elisabeth. "Introduction" and "The Hypothesis of Silence." The Spiral of Silence: Public Opinion, our Social Skin, pp. vii–xi, 1–8. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984. (See Ferment issue.)
AL Gerbner, George, et al. "The Demonstration of Power: Violence Profile No. 10." Journal of Communication 29.3 (Summer 1979): 177–98.
TS Blumler, Jay, and Elihu Katz. "Utilization of Mass Communication by the Individual" and James W. Carey and Albert L. Kreiling, "Popular Culture and Uses and Gratifications: Notes Toward an Accommodation." The Uses of Mass Communication: Current Perspectives on Gratifications Research, pp. 19–32, 225–48. Beverly Hills: Sage, 1974.
JG McCombs, Maxwell E., and Donald L. Shaw. "The Agenda-Setting Function of Mass Media." Public Opinion Quarterly 36 (1972): 176–87.
IR Greenberg, Bradley S., and Joseph R. Dominick. "Racial and Social Class Differences in Teen-Agers’ Use of Television." Journal of Broadcasting 13.4 (Fall 1969): 331–43.
Oct. 8. Guest Prof. Andy Rojecki
The Rise of the Limited Effects Model
All
Rojecki, Andrew, and Robert M. Entman. "White Racial Attitudes in the Heartland." Black Image in the White Mind, pp. 16–45. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000.
TS *Chaffee, Steven H., and J. Hockheimer. "The Beginnings of Political Communication Research in the United States: Origins of the ‘Limited Effects’ Model." In The Media Revolution in America & Western Europe, pp. 267–96. Ed. Ev Rogers & F. Balle. Norwood NJ: Ablex, 1985.
As Assigned
CJ Gates, Henry Louis, Jr. "Prime Time." Colored People: A Memoir, pp. 17–28. New York: Knopf, 1994.
AL †Dayan, Daniel, and Elihu Katz. Media Events: The Live Broadcasting of History. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1992.
GL †Patterson, Tom. 1993. Out of Order. New York: Knopf, 1993. See especially, Prologue, Chapters 2, 4.
TW Hallin, Daniel. "The Passing of the ‘High Modernism’ of American Journalism." Journal of Communication 42.3 (Summer 1992):14–25.
YK †Schramm, Wilbur. Men, Messages, and Media. New York: Harper & Row, 1973. See especially, Chapters 1, 2, and 7–14.
SS †Klapper, Joseph T. The Effects of Mass Communication. Glencoe, Ill.: Free Press, 1960. See especially, Chapters 1, 2.
MV †Katz, Elihu, and Paul F. Lazarsfeld. Personal Influence: The Part Played by People in the Flow of Communication. Glencoe, Ill.: Free Press, 1955. See especially, Introduction, Part I: Chapters 1, 2; Part II, Chapters 1, 13–15, and pp. 1–30, 321–34.
Oct. 15. Term paper proposal due.
The Critical Theory Response to Quantitative Research
All
MH *Gitlin, Todd. "Media Sociology: The Dominant Paradigm." Mass Communication Review Yearbook, Vol. 2, pp. 73–122. Ed. G. Cleveland Wilhoit and H. DeBock. Thousand Oaks: Sage, 1981.
JG *Sproule, J. Michael. "Propaganda Studies in American Social Science: The Rise and Fall of the Critical Paradigm." Quarterly Journal of Speech 73 (1987): 60–78.
As Assigned
SS Horkheimer, Max, and Theodor W. Adorno. "The Culture Industry: Enlightenment as Mass Deception." Dialectic of Enlightenment, pp. 120–67. Trans. John Cumming. New York: Herder and Herder, 1972.
MV Adorno, Theodor W. "Culture Industry Reconsidered." The Culture Industry: Selected Essays on Mass Culture, pp. 85–92. London: Routledge, 1991.
YK ———. "Culture and Administration." The Culture Industry: Selected Essays on Mass Culture, pp. 93–113. London: Routledge, 1991.
TW Cook, Deborah. "The Sundered Totality: Adorno’s Freudo-Marxist Paradigm." The Culture Industry Revisited, pp. 1–26. New York: Herder & Herder, 1972.
CJ Lazarsfeld, Paul. "Remarks on Administrative and Critical Communications Research." Studies in Philosophy and Social Science 9.1 (Spring 1941): 2–16.
Oct. 22. Emergence of the Dominant Paradigm: The Columbia School and Yale Program
Guest Prof. Annette Markham
All
Markham, Annette N. "Designing Discourse: A Critical Analysis of Strategic Ambiguity and Workplace Control." Management Communication Quarterly 9.4 (May 1996): 389–421. (Distributed by e-mail.)
CJ *†Barton, Allen H. "Paul Lazarsfeld and the Invention of the University Institute for Applied Social Research." In Organizing for Social Research, pp. 17–83. Ed. Burkart Holzner and Jiri Nehnevajsa. Cambridge, Mass.: Schenkman, 1982.
As Assigned
GL Lazarsfeld, Paul F. "An Episode in the History of Social Research: A Memoir." The Intellectual Migration: Europe and America, 1930–1960, pp. 270–337. Ed. Donald Fleming & Bernard Bailyn. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1969.
AL †Lasswell, Harold D., Nathan Leites, et al. Language of Politics. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1949. See especially, Chapter 3, "Why Be Quantitative," pp. 40–52. (content analysis)
MH †Hovland, Carl I., Arthur A. Lumsdaine, and Fred D. Shefield. Experiments in Mass Communication. Studies in the Social Psychology in World War II, American Soldier Series, Vol. 3. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1949. See especially, pp. 3–16, 247–79. (experiment)
TS †Lazarsfeld, Paul, Bernard Berelson, and Hazel Gaudet. The People’s Choice: How the Voter Makes up his Mind in a Presidential Campaign. New York: Columbia University Press, 1948. See especially, pp. 1–9, 150–58. (survey panel)
JG †Merton, Robert, Marjorie Fiske, and Patricia L. Kendall. The Focused Interview: A Manual of Problems and Procedures. 2d Ed. 1956. New York: Free Press, 1990. (interview)
IR †Lazarsfeld, Paul. Radio and the Printed Page. 1940. New York: Arno Press, 1971. See especially, pp. 3–47, 329–33.
Oct. 29. Early Social Science Research in the United States and Britain
As Assigned
IR †Charters, W. W. Motion Pictures and Youth. New York: Macmillan, 1931. (66 pages)
MH †Lashley, Karl S., and John B. Watson. A Psychological Study of Motion Pictures in Relation to Venereal Disease Campaigns. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Interdepartmental Social Hygiene Board, 1922. (86 pages)
SS †Mass Observation. Worktowners at Blackpool: Mass-Observation and Popular Leisure in the 1930s, pp. 1–15, 229–39. London: Routledge, 1990. See also Madge, Charles, and Tom Harrison, eds. First Year’s Work, 1937–1938, by Mass-Observation. London: Harrisson, 1938.
MV †Munsterberg, Hugo. The Film: The Silent Photoplay in 1916, A Psychological Study. 1916. New York: Dover, 1970. See especially, Foreword, pp. v-xv; and Chapter1, pp. 1–17.
YK †Fenton, Frances. The Influence of Newspaper Presentations Upon the Growth of Crime and Other Anti-Social Activity. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Chicago, 1911. (96 pages)
Nov. 5. Literature reviews and references due.
The Chicago School of Sociology
All
SS *Joas, Hans. "Pragmatism in American Sociology." Pragmatism and Social Theory, pp. 14–51. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1993. (Chapter 1.)
As Assigned
MV †Blumer, Herbert. Movies and Conduct. 1933. New York: Arno Press, 1970. See especially Chapter 10, "Schemes of Life," pp. 141–91.
IR †Park, Robert E. "The Crowd and the Public." The Crowd and the Public, and Other Essays, pp. 3–83. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1972.
TW †Cooley, Charles H. "Communication." Social Organization: A Study of the Larger Mind, pp. 16–103. New York: Schocken Books, 1963. Part II.
TS †Dewey, John. The Public and Its Problems. New York: Henry Holt & Co., 1927. See especially, Chapter 3, "Search for the Great Community," pp. 143–84.
GL †Mead, George Herbert. Mind, Self & Society. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1934. See especially, "Democracy and Universality in Society," pp. 281–9; and "Obstacles and Promises in the Development of an Ideal Society," pp. 317–28.
CJ †Thomas, William I., and Florian Znaniecki. The Polish Peasant in Europe and America. 2 Vols. New York: Knopf, 1927. See especially, "Methodological Note," pp. 1–86; "The Wider Community and the Role of the Press," pp. 1367–97; and "Conclusion," pp. 1822–27.
Further Background
AL Rock, Paul E. "Symbolic Interactionism as an Understated Sociology." The Making of Symbolic Interactionism, pp. 1–23. Totowa, N.J.: Rowman & Littlefield, 1979.
Nov. 12. The Great War and Its Aftermath
As Assigned
MV Bourne, Randolph S. "Twilight of the Idols." War and the Intellectuals: Essays, 1915–1919, pp. 53–64. New York: Harper & Row, 1964. Chapter 6.
YK Lasswell, Harold. "Propaganda." Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, pp. 521–27. New York: Macmillan, 1937.
JG †Lippmann, Walter. Public Opinion. 1927. New York: Macmillan, 1945. See especially, Chapter 1, "The World Outside and the Pictures in Our Heads," pp. 3–32; Chapter 16, "The Self-Centered Man," pp. 161–74; and Chapter 17, "The Self-Contained Community,: pp. 263–75.
MH Royce, Josiah. "Provincialism." Race Questions and Other American Problems, pp. 57–108. New York: Macmillan, 1908. Chapter 3.
TW †Mock, James R., and Cedric Larson. Words that Won the War: The Story of the Committee on Public Relations, 1917–1919. New York: Russell & Russell, 1968. See especially, "The American Mind in Wartime," pp. 3–18; and "Blueprint for Tomorrow’s CPI," pp. 337–46.
Nov. 19. Nineteenth Century Rise of the Social Sciences
As Assigned
SS †Schutz, Alfred. The Phenomenology of the Social World. Trans. George Walsh & Frederick Lehnert. Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1967. See especially, "Subjective and Objective Meaning" and "Transition to the Analysis of the Constituting Process," pp. 31–44.
AL †Weber, Max. "Politics as a Vocation" and "Science as a Vocation." From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology, pp. 96–99, 129–56. Ed. and Trans. H. H. Gerth & C. Wright Mills. 1958. London: Routledge, 1991.
IR Durkheim, Emile. "Sociology in France in the Nineteenth Century." On Morality and Society, Selected Writings, pp. 3–22, 230. Ed. Robert N. Bellah. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1973.
GL †Marx, Karl. "Alienated Labor" and "The Materialist Conception of History." The Portable Karl Marx, pp. 131–46, and 163–71. Ed. Eugene Kamenka. New York: Penguin, 1983.
Comte, Auguste. "Population Increase and the Law of Three Stages." Sociological Theory, 4th ed., pp. 592–94. Ed. L. Coser & B. Rosenberg. New York: Macmillan, 1976.
Nov. 26. Term papers due.
Dec. 3. Enlightenment and Eighteenth Century Media
All
TW *†Heyer, Paul. "The Eighteenth Century." Communications & History: Theories of Media, Knowledge, and Civilization, pp. 3–48. New York: Greenwood Press, 1988.
As Assigned
CJ †Foucault, Michel. "Speaking." The Order of Things: An Archeology of the Human Sciences, pp. 78–124. New York: Pantheon, 1971.
BYE Horkheimer, Max, and Theodor W. Adorno. "The Concept of Enlightenment." Dialectic of Enlightenment, pp. 3–42. Trans. John Cumming. New York: Herder and Herder, 1972. (Chapter 1.)
MH †Innis, Harold. The Bias of Communication. 1951. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1964. See especially, "The English Publishing Trade in the Eighteenth Century," pp. 142–55.
JG †Rousseau, Jean Jacques. Essay on the Origin of Languages. 1773. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1966.
TS †Locke, John. "Of Words." An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. 1690. Ed. & Abbr. John W. Yolton. London: Everyman, 1993. See Book iii, pp. 225–79.
Dec. 6. Final deadline (no late work accepted after this date).
Dec. 10, 5 p.m. Take-home exam due.
Regulations
Late assignments will be accepted for one week after the original due date, dropping one full grade. If you have a disability, illness, or emergency, please meet with the instructor to discuss an appropriate accommodation. Any adjustments in deadlines and assignments will require documentation in advance.
If any of you have to miss class due to religious holidays or observances, please notify the instructor at least a week ahead of the day so that arrangements can be made that will not disadvantage you in the course.
You must do your own work, including an equal share of any team assignments. Research papers must be original work completed for this course alone. Turning in a paper that is the same or substantially the same as work completed for another course is considered academic dishonesty and will result in a failing grade on the assignment. Cite the ideas of others thoroughly and consistently, and provide page numbers for quotations. Students found to have plagiarized the work of others (used their words without giving proper credit) will receive a failing grade for the course.