Seminar in Media Studies

COMM 502 Seminar in Media Studies, Autumn 2005

Mondays, 12 – 2:30 p.m. Call No. 21500

University of Illinois, Chicago, BSB 1155

Kevin G. Barnhurst, Ph.D., Professor & Head, Department of Communication

Office BSB 1148A. Hours Wednesdays 2 – 3 p.m. or by appointment

(312) 413-3231 E-mail <kgbcomm(a)uic.edu>
Web Site http://www.uic.edu/~kgbcomm

Description

This seminar provides an in-depth, intensive examination and discussions of theories, perspectives, and approaches to media studies. The assignments include extensive readings, four original research problems, and midterm and final examinations.

Purposes

To investigate the symbolic social practices that communication media help sustain.

To examine the political, economic, and cultural implications of those practices.

To understand the history of how scholars have conceptualized and studied the communication media.

These are general objectives; the seminar offers neither information nor facts per se. It is an extended conversation about a series of texts we will share, which will enable us to analyze and research the media of communication.

The course is interactive, with reading, discussion, reflection, and critical thinking equally emphasized, and expected of you. The seminar will help you examine the way people live day to day and the ways people organize and conduct life in a media-saturated society.

Readings

Because the course includes a full range of scholarship in the history of media studies, each session includes a list of articles, chapters, and books. There is a strategy for getting through all this material, which you’ll need to master right away (posted at the following URL: http://www.uic.edu/~kgbcomm/didact/html/readsocsci.htm).

For each class, the readings are listed in chronological order and marked to help you plan. You might start by checking out the overview reading (*), which appear in some weeks, and allow extra time for the longer readings.

Readings come from three sources: library reserves plus the following two books (order used or discounted through the internet for the best price):

Peters, John Durham, and Peter Simonson, eds. Mass Communication and American Social Thought: Key Texts, 1919–1968. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, 2004.
New $55.95 Paper ISBN 0-7425-2839-1

McQuail, Denis. McQuail's Reader in Mass Communication Theory. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications, 2002. New $46.95 Paper ISBN 0-7619-7243-9

Reserve readings are held at the Daley Library and on electronic reserve (password protected): http://uic.docutek.com/eres/coursepage.aspx?cid=489

The following two books are also useful as recommended references:

McQuail, Denis. McQuail's Mass Communication Theory, 5 ed. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications, 2005. New $37.95 Paper ISBN 1-4129-0372-6

Katz, Elihu, John Durham Peters, Tamar Liebes, and Avril Orloff, eds. Canonic Texts in Media Research: Are There Any? Should There be Any? How About These? London: Polity Press, 2002. New $28.95 Paper ISBN 0-7456-2934-2

Problems

As a key element of the course, you will write four research proposals, each tied to a different school of thought. After reviewing the readings and our discussion, propose a research question dealing with a current issue or problem, but based on the approaches and types of questions the earlier authors might pose and pursue. Write about three pages including the following (with these headings):

1. Introduction, a brief prologue to a) capture interest, b) indicate the issue or state the problem, c) state what is known about it, d) refer to how you would study it, and e) assert why it matters;

2. Literature, a short general description of any body of relevant articles or books you have found, looked at, and would consult in more detail, indicating where (in which disciplines and journals) the literature exists and how it is organized and citing key works, so as to a) position your problem in the topical literature and b) relate your problem to the school of thought;

3. Method, an indication of what specific research techniques and analytical strategies you would use, appropriate to the issue or question at hand and consonant with the characteristic tools and approaches of the school of thought;

4. Significance, a concluding statement of why the issue matters or has importance; and

5. References, a list of all books and articles you found pertinent to two aspects of the proposal: the topic of your proposed research and the school of thought as related to your specific proposal.

Evaluations

The two take-home exams happen at midterm and during finals week. Several short essay questions may cover any of the readings from the seminar. Questions generally present an issue or social problem related to the media and leave open several options for you to answer based on your areas of interest and strength. In short, each exam is comprehensive — covering all previous material — but also flexible. Course grades follow this formula:

Problems, 40 percent (10 percent each);
Participation (advance preparation and in-class discussion), 35 percent; and
Exams, 25 percent (10 percent for the midterm and 15 percent for the final).

Regulations

Students with disabilities who require accommodations for access or participation in this course must register with the Office of Disability Services at (312) 413-2103 or –0123 (TTY).

If you must miss class for a religious holiday or observance, please notify me well enough ahead of time to allow for arrangements that will not disadvantage you in the course.

If you have an illness or emergency that affects your work in the seminar, please meet with me to discuss an appropriate action. Any adjustments in deadlines and assignments will require documentation.

Late assignments will be accepted for one week after the original due date, dropping one full grade. Feedback is available, but no grade, for work more than one week late.

Please read the “Guidelines Regarding Academic Integrity” at the following URL: http://www.uic.edu/depts/sja/integrit.htm. You must do your own original work. Do not turn in anything the same or substantially the same as work completed for another course. Cite the ideas of others thoroughly and consistently:

1. Using quotation marks around any words of a phrase or more in length drawn from any other author or source, whether in print, on line, or from personal correspondence or interaction,

2. Citing in the text the author(s) and year for all direct, indirect, and paraphrased statements or ideas from others,

3. Providing page numbers for all direct (word-for-word) quotations, and

4. Giving the full bibliographic citation for each source in a list of references.

Students who plagiarize the work of others (use their words without giving proper credit), including material from the internet, or engage in any other form of academic dishonesty will receive a failing grade for the course. Department policy requires reporting all suspected cases to the Office of Student Judicial Affairs for review.

OUTLINE

All dates and readings are tentative, confirmed during class two weeks ahead. Key to texts: P Peters & Simonson, M McQuail’s Reader, K Katz et al, and/or ALT alternative reading; plus the chapter number. For reserves: B book, C photocopy, or E electronic.

Part I. Antecedents to Media Studies

Aug. 22. Communication in Eighteenth & Nineteenth Century Thought

*Heyer, Paul. “The Eighteenth Century.” Communications & History: Theories of Media, Knowledge, and Civilization, pp. 3–48. New York: Greenwood Press, 1988. E

Locke, John. “Of Words.” An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, Book iii, pp. 225–79. 1690. Ed. & Abbr. John W. Yolton. London: Everyman, 1993. B

Rousseau, Jean Jacques. Essay on the Origin of Languages. 1773. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1966. B

Nineteenth Century

*Durkheim, Emile. “Sociology in France in the Nineteenth Century.” On Morality and Society, Selected Writings, pp. 3–22. Ed. Robert N. Bellah. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1973. E

Marx, Karl. “Alienated Labor” and “The Materialist Conception of History.” The Portable Karl Marx, pp. 131–46, 163–71. Ed. Eugene Kamenka. New York: Penguin, 1983. B

Weber, Max. “Politics as a Vocation.” From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology, pp. 77–128. Ed. & Trans. H. H. Gerth & C. Wright Mills. 1958. London: Routledge, 1991. B

Aug. 29. The Chicago School

Cooley, Charles H. Part II, “Communication.” Social Organization: A Study of the Larger Mind, pp. 61–103. New York: Schocken Books, 1963. B ALT P1 “The Process of Social Change.” Political Science Quarterly 12. (1897): 63–81.

Addams, Jane. “The House of Dreams.” The Spirit of Youth and the City Streets, pp. 75–103. New York: Macmillan, 1909. P2

Fenton, Frances. The Influence of Newspaper Presentations Upon the Growth of Crime and Other Anti-Social Activity. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Chicago, 1911. C

Dewey, John. “Search for the Great Community.” The Public and Its Problems, pp. 143–84. New York: Henry Holt & Co., 1927. B ALT P5 “Nature, Communication, and Meaning.” Experience and Nature, pp. 138–70. Chicago: Open Court, 1925.

Thomas, William I., and Florian Znaniecki. “The Wider Community and the Role of the Press.” The Polish Peasant in Europe and America, Vol. 2, pp. 1367–97. New York: Knopf, 1927. B

Blumer, Herbert. “Schemes of Life.” Movies and Conduct, pp. 141–91. 1933. New York: Arno Press, 1970. B ALT P12 “Conclusion.” pp. 192–200.

Mead, George Herbert. “Obstacles and Promises in the Development of an Ideal Society.” Mind, Self & Society, pp. 317–28. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1934. B

Park, Robert E. “The Crowd and the Public.” The Crowd and the Public, and Other Essays, pp. 3–83. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1972. B

Myrdal, Gunnar. “The Negro Press.” An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy, pp. 908–26. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1944. P31

Wirth, Louis. “Consensus and Mass Communication.” American Sociological Review 13. (1948): 1–15. P40

*Rothenbuhler, Eric. “Community and Pluralism in Wirth’s ‘Consensus and Mass Communication’.” K6

Horton, Donald, and R. Richard Wohl. “Mass Communication and Para-social Interaction: Observations on Intimacy at a Distance.” Psychiatry 19.3 (1956): 215–29. P54

*Handelman, Don. “Towards the Virtual Encounter: Horton and Wohl’s ‘Mass Communication and Para-social Interaction’.” K8

Problem 1. Chicago School. Due Sept. 12.

Wednesday, Sept. 7, 12–2 p.m. The Progressives, War & Propaganda

*Herman, Edward S. “The Propaganda Model: A Retrospective.” Journalism Studies 1.1 (2000): 101–111. M4

Mock, James R., and Cedric Larson. “The American Mind in Wartime.” Words that Won the War: The Story of the Committee on Public Relations, 1917–1919, pp. 3–18. 1939. New York: Russell & Russell, 1968. B

Royce, Josiah. “Provincialism.” Race Questions and Other American Problems, pp. 57–108. New York: Macmillan, 1908. C

Munsterberg, Hugo. “Foreword” and “Chapter 1.” The Film: The Silent Photoplay in 1916, A Psychological Study, pp. v-xv, 1–17. 1916. New York: Dover, 1970. B

Lashley, Karl S., and John B. Watson. A Psychological Study of Motion Pictures in Relation to Venereal Disease Campaigns. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Interdepartmental Social Hygiene Board, 1922. C

Lippmann, Walter. “The World Outside and the Pictures in Our Heads.” Public Opinion, pp. 3–32. 1927. New York: Macmillan, 1945. B ALT P6: “The Disenchanted Man.” The Phantom Public, pp. 13–21. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1925.

Du Bois, W. E. B. “Criteria of Negro Art.” Crisis Magazine 32, October 1926, p. 6. P7

Mass Observation. Worktowners at Blackpool: Mass-Observation and Popular Leisure in the 1930s, pp. 1–15, 229–39. London: Routledge, 1990. B

Lasswell, Harold. “Propaganda.” Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, pp. 521–27. New York: Macmillan, 1937. C ALT P8 “The Results of Propaganda.” Propaganda Technique in the World War, pp. 214–22. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1927.

Lee, Alfred McClung, and Elizabeth Briant Lee. “Our Bewildering Maze of Propaganda.” The Fine Art of Propaganda: A Study of Father Coughlin’s Speeches, pp. 14–21. The Institute for Propaganda Analysis, 1937. Published: New York: Harcourt Brace & Company, 1939. P20

Kris, Ernst, and Hans Speier. “Nazi Propaganda and Violence.” In German Radio Propaganda: Report on Home Broadcasts During the War, pp. 3–13. New York: Oxford University Press, 1944. P29

Part II. 20th Century Communication Research

Sept. 12. The Columbia School

Bernays, Edward L. “Manipulating Public Opinion: The Why and the How.” American Journal of Sociology 33.6 (1928): 958–71. P9

Sapir, Edward. “Communication.” Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences 4 (1931): 78–81. P11

Rorty, James. “The Business Nobody Knows.” Our Master’s Voice, pp. 13–20. 1934. P16

Cantril, Hadley, and Gordon W. Allport. “The Influence of Radio upon Mental and Social Life.” The Psychology of Radio, pp. 19–26. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1935. P17

Hughes, Helen MacGill. “Human Interest Stories and Democracy.” Public Opinion Quarterly 1. (1937): 73–83. P19

Gallup, George H., and Saul Rae. “A Powerful, Bold, and Unmeasurable Party?” The Pulse of Democracy, pp. 3–15. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1940. P21

Lynd, Robert S. “Democracy in Reverse.” Public Opinion Quarterly 4.2 (1940): 218–20. P22

Lazarsfeld, Paul. Introduction and Conclusion. Radio and the Printed Page, pp. 3–47, 329–33. 1940. New York: Arno Press, 1971. B

Herzog, Herta. “On Borrowed Experience: An Analysis of Listening to Daytime Sketches.” Studies in Philosophy & Social Science 11.1 (1941): 65–95. P24

*Liebes, Tamar. “Herzog’s ‘On Borrowed Experience’: Its Place in the Debate Over the Active Audience.” K2

Merton, Robert K. “The Social and Cultural Context.” Mass Persuasion: The Social Psychology of a War Bond Drive, pp. 141–46. New York: Harper, 1946. P33

Lazarsfeld, Paul F., and Robert K. Merton. “Mass Communication, Popular Taste, and Organized Social Action.” In The Communication of Ideas, pp. 95–188. Ed. L. Bryson. New York: Harper, 1948. P37

*Simonson, Peter, and Gabriel Weimann. “Critical Research at Columbia: Lazarsfeld and Merton’s ‘Mass Communication, Popular Taste, and Organized Social Action’.” K1

Specific Methods

Lazarsfeld, Paul, Bernard Berelson, and Hazel Gaudet. The People’s Choice: How the Voter Makes up his Mind in a Presidential Campaign, pp. 1–9, 150–58. New York: Columbia University Press, 1948. (survey, panel) B

Hovland, Carl I., Arthur A. Lumsdaine, and Fred D. Shefield. Experiments in Mass Communication, pp. 3–16, 247–79. Studies in the Social Psychology in World War II, American Soldier Series, Vol. 3. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1949. (experiment) B

Lasswell, Harold D., Nathan Leites, et al. “Why Be Quantitative.” Language of Politics, pp. 40–52. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1949. (content analysis) B

Merton, Robert, Marjorie Fiske, and Patricia L. Kendall. The Focused Interview: A Manual of Problems and Procedures. 2d Ed. 1956. New York: Free Press, 1990. (interview) B

Sept. 19. Frankfurt School & Critical Theory

*Gitlin, Todd. “Media Sociology: The Dominant Paradigm.” Theory and Society 6.2 (1974): 205–53. Republished: Mass Communication Review Yearbook, Vol. 2, pp. 73–122. Ed. G. Cleveland Wilhoit & H. DeBock. Thousand Oaks: Sage, 1981. M1

Benjamin, Walter. “The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction.” Illuminations, pp. 217–51. 1936. New York: Schocken, 1969.

*Scannell, Paddy. “Benjamin Contextualized: On ‘The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction’.” K4

Horkheimer, Max. “Art and Mass Culture.” Studies in Philosophy and Social Science 9.2 (1941): 290–304. P25

Lazarsfeld, Paul. “Remarks on Administrative and Critical Communications Research.” Studies in Philosophy and Social Science 9.1 (Spring 1941): 2–16. P26

MacDougald, Duncan, Jr. “The Popular Music Industry.” In Radio Research 1941, pp. 65–109. Ed. Paul F. Lazarsfeld & F. N. Stanton. New York: Duell, Sloan & Pearce, 1942. P27

Horkheimer, Max, and Theodor W. Adorno. “The Culture Industry: Enlightenment as Mass Deception.” Dialectic of Enlightenment, pp. 120–67. 1944. Trans. John Cumming. New York: Herder & Herder, 1972. P28

*Peters, John Durham. “The Subtlety of Horkheimer and Adorno: Reading ‘The Culture Industry’.” K3

Lowenthal, Leo. “Biographies in Popular Magazines.” In Radio Research, 1942–1943, pp. 507–48. New York: Duell, Sloan & Pearce, 1944. P30

Adorno, Theodor W. “A Social Critique of Radio Music.” Kenyon Review 7.2 (Spring 1945): 208–17. P32

Marcuse, Herbert. “Aggressiveness in Advanced Industrial Societies.” Negations: Essays in Critical Theory, pp. 248–68. Boston: Beacon, 1968. P68

Sept. 26. The Limited Effects Model

Lang, Kurt, and Gladys E. Lang. “The Unique Perspective of Television and its Effects: A Pilot Study.” American Sociological Review 18. (1953): 3–12. P48

*Katz, Elihu, and Daniel Dayan. “The Audience Is a Crowd, the Crowd Is a Public: Latter-Day Thoughts on Lang and Lang’s “MacArthur Day in Chicago’.” K7

Katz, Elihu, and Paul F. Lazarsfeld. Introduction, Part I: Chapters 1, 2; Part II, Chapters 1, 13–15. Personal Influence: The Part Played by People in the Flow of Communication, pp. 1–30, 321–34. Glencoe, Ill.: Free Press, 1955. P52: “Between Media and Mass.” pp. 15–25.

Klapper, Joseph T. Chapters 1, 2. The Effects of Mass Communication, pp. 1–52. Glencoe, Ill.: Free Press, 1960. B

Schramm, Wilbur. Chapters 1, 2, and 7–14. Men, Messages, and Media, pp. 1–36, 113–290. New York: Harper & Row, 1973. B

Verba, Sidney. “The Kennedy Assassination and the Nature of Political Commitment.” The Kennedy Assassination and the American Public, pp. 348–60. Ed. Bradley S. Greenberg & Edwin B. Parker. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1965. P66

*Chaffee, Steven H., and J. Hockheimer. “The Beginnings of Political Communication Research in the United States: Origins of the ‘Limited Effects’ Model.” In The Media Revolution in America & Western Europe, pp. 267–96. Ed. Ev Rogers & F. Balle. Norwood, N.J.: Ablex, 1985. E

Oct. 3. Mid-term exam (take-home) due. No class.

Part III. Cultural Approaches

Oct. 10. The Mass Culture Debates & Popular Communication

Powdermaker, Hortense. “Emerging from Magic.” Hollywood: The Dream Factory, pp. 281–306. Boston: Little & Brown, 1950. P43

Riesman, David, with Reuel Denny and Nathan Glaser. “Storytellers as Tutors in Technique: Changes in the Agents of Character Formation.” The Lonely Crowd, pp. 84–112. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1950. P44

Mills, C Wright. “The Mass Society.” The Power Elite, New Edition, pp. 302–16. 1956. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000. P55 M5

Bell, Daniel. “The Theory of Mass Society: A Critique.” Commentary 22.1 (July 1956): 75–83. P53

Meyerson, Rolf, and Elihu Katz. “Notes on a Natural History of Fads.” American Journal of Sociology 6. (1957): 594–601. P57

Lowenthal, Leo. “The Triumph of the Mass Idols.” In Literature, Popular Culture, and Society, pp. 109–36. Palo Alto, Calif.: Pacific Books, 1961. C

*Illouz, Eva. “Redeeming Consumption: On Lowenthal’s ‘The Triumph of the Mass Idols’.” K5

Kronenberger, Howe, and David Riesman, eds. “Editorial Statement” and contributions by Newton Arvin, James Burnham, Allan Dowling, Leslie A. Fiedler, Norman Mailer, Reinhold Niebuhr, Philip Rahv, David Riesman, Mark Schorer, and Lionel Trilling. Symposium: Our Country & Our Culture. Partisan Review XIX (1952): 282–326. C

MacDonald, Dwight. “A Theory of Mass Culture.” In Mass Culture: Popular Arts in America, pp. 59–73. Ed. Bernard Rosenberg & David Manning White. Glencoe, Ill.: Free Press, 1957. P50

Gerbner, George. “The Social-Anatomy of the Romance-Confession Cover Girl.” Journalism Quarterly 35. (1958): 299–306. P60

*Zelizer, Barbie. “Popular Communication in the Contemporary Age.” Communication Yearbook 24, pp. 297–316. Ed. William B. Gudykunst. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage, 2000. E

Oct. 17. Cultural Studies

Hoggart, Richard. “The Scholarship Boy.” The Uses of Literacy: Changing Patterns in English Mass Culture, pp. 238–59. 1957. London: Chatto & Windus, 1971. B

Williams, Raymond. Culture and Society, 1780–1950, pp. New York: Columbia University Press, 1958. B

*Peters, John Durham. “Retroactive Enrichment: Raymond Williams’s Culture and Society.” K11

Barthes, Roland. “Rhetoric of the Image.” In Image, Music, Text: Essays, pp. 32–45. Trans. Stephen Heath. : Fontanta, 1967. M26

Hall, Stuart. “The Television Discourse; Encoding and Decoding.” Education and Culture (Council of Europe), No. 25 (Summer 1974): pp. 8–15. M28

*Gurevitch, Michael, and Paddy Scannell. “Canonization Achieved? Stuart Hall’s “Encoding/Decoding’.” K12

Carey, James W. “A Cultural Approach to Communication.” Communication 2. (1975): 1–22. Republished: Communication as Culture: Essays on Media and Society, pp. 13–36. Boston: Unwin Hyman, 1989. M2

Mulvey, Laura. “Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema.” Screen 16.3 (1975): 6–18. C

*Loshitzky, Yosefa. “Afterthoughts on Mulvey’s ‘Visual Pleasure’ in the Age of Cultural Studies.” K13

Hebdige, Dick. Subculture: The Meaning of Style. New York: Routledge, 1979. B

Williamson, Judith. “Introduction: Meaning and Ideology.” In Decoding Advertisements, pp. 11–14. London: Marion Boyars, 1978. M27

Radway, Janice. “The Ideal Romance.” In Reading the Romance, pp. 131–52. London: Verso, 1984. M29

*van Zoonen, Liesbet. “A ‘New’ Paradigm?” Feminist Media Studies, pp. 29–42. London: Sage, 1994. M3

Balsamo, A. “Public Pregnancies and Cultural Narratives of Surveillance.” Technologies of the Gendered Body: Reading Cyborg Women, pp. 80–115. Durham: Duke University Press, 1996. B

duGay, Paul, Stuart Hall, et al. “Making Sense of the Walkman.” Doing Cultural Studies: The Story of the Sony Walkman, pp. 8–40. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage, 1997. B

Harkin, Patricia. “Understanding Virtual Experiences by Configuring Them.” In Configuring History: Teaching the Harlem Renaissance Through Virtual Reality Cityscapes. Ed. James J. Sosnoski, Patricia Harkin & Bryan Carter. New York: Peter Lang, forthcoming. E

Sosnoski, James J. “Configuring African American Culture as Virtual Experiences of History.” In Configuring History: Teaching the Harlem Renaissance Through Virtual Reality Cityscapes. Ed. James J. Sosnoski, Patricia Harkin & Bryan Carter. New York: Peter Lang, forthcoming. E

Problem 2. Cultural Studies. Due Oct. 31.

Oct. 24. The Toronto School & Media Ecology

Innis, Harold A. “Bias of Communication.” The Bias of Communication, pp. 33–60. 1951. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1964. ALT P42 “Industrialism and Cultural Values.” American Economic Review 41.2 (May 1951): 201–9.

*Blondheim, Menahem. “Harold Adams Innis and his Bias of Communication.” K9

McLuhan, Marshall. “.” Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1964. ALT P49 “Technology and Political Change.” International Journal 7. (Summer 1952): 189–95. ALT P51 “Sight, Sound, and the Fury.” Commonweal 60. (1954): 169–97. Reprinted: Mass Culture: The Popular Arts in America, pp. 489–95. Ed. Bernard Rosenberg & David Manning White. 1957. New York: Macmillan; Free Press Paperback Edition 1964.

*Meyrowitz, Joshua. “Canonic Anti-text: Marshall McLuhan’s Understanding Media.” K10

Ong, Walter. “Print, Space, and Closure.” Orality & Literacy, pp. 117–38. London: New Accents, 1982. B

Postman, Neil. “The Medium Is the Metaphor.” Amusing Ourselves to Death: Public Discourse in the Age of Show Business, pp. 3–15. New York: Viking, 1985; New York: Penguin, 1986. B

Meyrowitz, Joshua. “Media and Behavior: A Missing Link.” No Sense of Place: The Impact of Electronic Media on Social Behavior, pp. 13–23. New York: Oxford University Press, 1985. M8

Barnhurst, Kevin G. “The Great American Newspaper.” American Scholar 60.1 (Winter 1991): 106–112. E

Part IV. Politics, the Press & Globalization

Oct. 31. Political Communication

Greenberg, Bradley S., and Joseph R. Dominick. “Racial and Social Class Differences in Teen-Agers’ Use of Television.” Journal of Broadcasting 13.4 (Fall 1969): 331–43. E

McCombs, Maxwell E., and Donald L. Shaw. “The Agenda-Setting Function of Mass Media.” Public Opinion Quarterly 36 (1972): 176–87. E

Gerbner, George, et al. “The Demonstration of Power: Violence Profile No. 10.” Journal of Communication 29.3 (Summer 1979): 177–98. E

Noelle-Neumann, Elisabeth. “Introduction” and “The Hypothesis of Silence.” The Spiral of Silence: Public Opinion, our Social Skin, pp. vii–xi, 1–8. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984. B

Katz, Elihu. “Publicity and Pluralistic Ignorance: Notes on the Spiral of Silence.” In Public Opinion and Social Change: For Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann, pp. 28–38. Ed. Horst Baier, H. Matthias Kepplinger & Kurt Reumann. Wiesbaden: Westdeutscher Verlag, 1981. M35

Iyengar, Shanto, and Donald R. Kinder. “News that Matters.” News that Matters: Television and American Opinion, pp. 112–33. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987. B

Dayan, Daniel, and Elihu Katz. “Defining Media Events.” Media Events: The Live Broadcasting of History, pp. 4–23. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1992. M7

Patterson, Tom. “The Miscast Institution.” Out of Order, pp. 28–52. New York: Vintage, 1994. B

Zillmann, Dolf, and Jennings Bryant. “Entertainment as Media Effect.” In Media Effects, pp. 447–59. Ed. Jennings Bryant and Dolf Zillmann. Hillsdale, N.J.: Erlbaum, 1994. M38

Entman, Robert M. “Framing: Towards Clarification of a Fractured Paradigm.” Journal of Communication 43.4 (1993): 51–8. M36

Wartella, Ellen, Adriana Olivarez, and Nancy Jennings. “Children and Television Violence in the United States.” In Children and Media Violence, Yearbook from the UNESCO Clearinghouse on Children and Media Violence on the Screen, pp. 57–61. Ed. Ellen Wartella, Adriana Olivarez & Nancy Jennings. Goteborg, Sweden: NORDICOM, 1998. M37

Entman, Robert M., and Andrew Rojecki. “White Racial Attitudes in the Heartland.” The Black Image in the White Mind: Media and Race in America, pp. 16–45. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000. B

Nov. 7. Press Theory, Press Ethics & Journalism Studies

Hutchins Commission. “The Requirements.” A Free and Responsible Press, pp. 20–29. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1947. P34

Huxley, Julian Sorrell. “Mass Media.” In UNESCO: Its Philosophy and Purpose, pp. 58–60, 1947. P35

Berelson, Bernard. “What ‘Missing the Newspaper’ Means.” Communications Research, pp. 111–28. Ed. Paul F. Lazarsfeld & F. N. Stanton. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1949. P41

White, David Manning. “The ‘Gate Keeper’: A Study in the Selection of News.” Journalism Quarterly 27.. (Fall 1950): 383–96. E

Sarnoff, David. “Our Next Frontier – Transoceanic TV.” Look, September 12, 1950, p. 108. P45

Schramm, Wilbur, and John W. Riley, Jr. “Communication in the Sovietized State, as Demonstrated in Korea.” Public Opinion Quarterly 15.6 (December 1951): 757–66. P46

Smythe, Dallas. “The Consumer’s Stake in Radio and Television.” Quarterly of Film Radio and Television 6.2 (Winter 1951): 109–128. P47

Breed, Warren, “Social Control in the Newsroom: A Functional Analysis.” Social Forces 33.4 (1955): 326–55. E

Minnow, Newton. “Television and the Public Interest.” Speech before the National Association of Broadcasters, May 9, 1961. Equal Time: The Private Broadcaster and the Public Interest, pp. 48–64. Ed. Lawrence Laurent. New York: Atheneum, 1964. P65

Molotch, Harvey, and Marilyn Lester. “News as Purposive Behavior: On the Strategic Use of Routine Events, Accidents, and Scandals.” American Sociological Review 38.1 (February 1974): 101–12. E

Dennis, Everette E. “The Press and the Public Interest: A Definitional Dilemma.” In Enduring Issues in Mass Communication, pp. 327–40. Ed. Everette E. Dennis, Arnold H. Ismach & Donald M. Gillmor. St. Paul, MN: West Publishing Co., 1978. M13

Lind, Rebecca A. “Diverse Interpretations: The Relevance of Race in the Construction of Meaning in, and the Evaluation of, a Television News Story.” Howard Journal of Communications 7 (1996): 53–74. E

Lichtenberg, Judith. “Foundations and Limits of Freedom of the Press.” Democracy and the Mass Media, pp. 102–15. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990. M14

Blumler, Jay G., and Wolfgang Hoffmann-Reim. “New Roles for Public Service Television.” In Television and the Public Interest, pp. 206–15. Ed. Jay G. Blumler. London: Sage, 1992. M17

Hallin, Daniel. “The Passing of the ‘High Modernism’ of American Journalism.” Journal of Communication 42.3 (Summer 1992):14–25. E

Nerone, John C. “On Social Responsibility Theory.” In Last Rights: Revisiting Four Theories o f the Press, pp. 77–100. Ed. John C. Nerone. Urbana: U of Illinois P, 1995. M15

Dalhgren, Peter. “The Public Sphere as Historical Narrative.” Television and the Public Sphere, pp. 7–12. London: Sage, 1995. M16

Problem 3. Journalism Studies. Due Nov. 21.

Nov. 14. Globalization & Public Policy

Mumford, Lewis. “The Neotechnic Phase.” Technics and Civilization, pp. 239–244. New York: Harcourt Brace & Co., 1934. P15

Schiller, Herbert. “The U.S. Hard Sell.” The Nation 203.19 (December 5,1966): 609–12. P67

Tomlinson, John. “The Discourse of Cultural Imperialism.” In Cultural Imperialism, pp. 19–28. London: Frances Pinter, 1991. M19

Ferguson, Marjorie. “The Mythology about Globalization.” European Journal of Communication 7.1 (1992): 69–93. M21

Herman, Edward S., and Robert W. McChesney. The Global Media: The New Missionaries of Corporate Capitalism. London: Cassell, 1997. B

Boyd-Barrett, Oliver, and Terhi Rantanen. “Theorizing the News Agencies.” In The Globalization of News, pp. 6–12. London: Sage, 1998. M18

McChesney, Robert W. “U.S. Media at the Dawn of the Twenty-first Century.” Rich Media, Poor Democracy: Communication Politics in Dubious Times, pp. 15–77. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1999. B

Rosengren, Karl Erik. “International Communication at the Mass Media Level.” Communication: An Introduction, pp. 184–90. London: Sage, 2000. M20

*Held, David, and Anthony McGrew. “The Great Globalization Debate: An Introduction.” In The Global Transformations Reader, pp. 1–50. Cambridge: Polity, 2000. E

Part V. The Future of Media Studies

Nov. 21. Producers & Audiences

Cantor, Muriel G. “The Hollywood TV Producer.” The Hollywood TV Producer: His Work & Life, pp. 189–209. New York: Basic Books, 1971. M25

Tuchman, Gaye. “Making News: Time and Typification.” Making News: A Study in the Construction of Reality, pp. 45–58. New York: Free Press, 1978. M23

Gans, Herbert J. “Preface” and “Conclusions: The News and the Journalists.” Deciding What’s News: A Study of “CBS Evening News,” “NBC Nightly News,” Newsweek, and Time, pp. xi–xv, 279–99. New York: Pantheon, 1979. B

Eliasoph, Nina. “Routines and the Making of Oppositional News.” Critical Studies in Mass Communication 5. (December 1988): 313–34. E

Shoemaker, Pamela J. “A New Gatekeeping Model.” Gatekeeping, pp. 70–77. Thousand Oaks: Sage, 1991. M22

Soley, Lawrence. “Shaping the News.” The News Shapers: The Sources Who Explain the News, pp. 1–6. New York: Praeger, 1992. B

McManus, John H. “Time and Typifications: Does Serving the Market Conflict with Serving the Public?” Market-Driven Journalism: Let the Citizen Beware, pp. 85–91. London: Sage, 1994. M24

From Gratification to Reception

Blumler, Jay, and Elihu Katz. “Utilization of Mass Communication by the Individual.” The Uses of Mass Communication: Current Perspectives on Gratifications Research, pp. 19–32. Beverly Hills: Sage, 1974. B

Carey, James W., and Albert L. Kreiling, “Popular Culture and Uses and Gratifications: Notes Toward an Accommodation.” The Uses of Mass Communication: Current Perspectives on Gratifications Research, pp. 225–48. Beverly Hills: Sage, 1974. B

von Feilitzen, Celia. “The Functions Served by the Media.” In Children & Television, pp. 94–105. Ed. R. Brown. New York: Collier-Macmillan, 1975. M33

Ang, Ien. “Streamlining ‘Television Audiences’.” Desperately Seeking the Audience, pp. 60-67. New York: Routledge, 1991. M31

Neuman, W. Russell. “The Future of the Mass Audience.” The Future of the Mass Audience, pp. 164–171. New York: Cambridge UP, 1991. M34

Jenson, Joli. “Fandom as Pathology: The Consequences of Characterization.” In The Adoring Audience, pp. 9–23. Ed. Lisa A. Lewis. New York: Routledge, 1992. M32

Barnhurst, Kevin G. “Politics in the Fine Meshes: Youth, Power & Media.” Media, Culture & Society 20.2 (Spring 1998): 201–218. E

*Alasuutari, Pertti. “Three Phases of Reception Studies.” Rethinking the Media Audience, pp. 1-8. London: Sage, 1999. M30

Problem 4. Producers & Audiences. Due Dec. 2.

Nov. 28. New Technology & Internet Studies

Wiener, Norbert. “Information, Language, and Society.” Cybernetics: Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine, pp. 181–91. New York: J. Wiley, 1948. P39

Bordewijk, Jan L, and Ben van Kaam. “Towards a New Classification of Tele-Information Services.” Intermedia 14.1 (1986): 16–21. M9

Jones, Steve. “Understanding Community in the Information Age.” Cybersociety: Computer-Mediated Communication and Community, pp. 10–35. Thousand Oaks: Sage, 1995. B

*Morris, Merrill, and Christine Ogan. “The Internet as Mass Medium.” Journal of Communication 46.1 (Winter 1996): 39–50. From Symposium: The Net, pp. 4–124. M11

Jones, Steve. “Information, Internet, and Community: Notes Toward an Understanding of Community in the Information Age.” Cybersociety 2.0: Computer-Mediated Communication and Community, pp. 1–35. Thousand Oaks: Sage, 1998. B

Sterne, Jonathan. “Thinking the Internet: Cultural Studies vs. The Millennium.” In Doing Internet Research: Critical Issues and Methods for Examining the Net, pp. 257–83. Ed. Steve Jones. Thousand Oaks: Sage, 1999. B

Rice, Ronald E. “Artifacts and Paradoxes in New Media.” New Media & Society 1.1 (1999): 24–32. M10

Slevin James. “The Internet and Forms of Human Association.” The Internet and Society, pp. 90–100. London: Polity, 2000. M12

Baym, Nancy K. “Conclusion.” Tune in, Log on: Soaps, Fandom, and On-line Community, pp. 197–218. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage, 2000. B

Manovich, Lev. "What Is Digital Cinema?" In The Digital Dialectic: New Essays in New Media, pp. 173–92. Ed. Peter Lunenfeld. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2001. E

Rule, James B. "From Mass Society to Perpetual Contact: Models of Communication Technologies in Social Context." In Perpetual Contact: Mobile Communication, Private Talk, Public Performance, pp. 242–54. New York: Cambridge, 2002. E

Danowski, James A. “The World Wide Web and Civil Society in Arab Domains.” Paper delivered to the International Network of Social Network Analysts, Portoroz, Slovenia, 2004. E

Dec. 2, 3 p.m. Final deadline for all assignments (no late work accepted after this date).

Dec. 5, 3 p.m. Take-home exam due. No class meeting.