BIOE: Mechanics of Evolutionary Design

When engineers design a machine, a structure, or anything else, they are constrained by the basic physics of the world around them.  However, long before the first engineer tried to figure out how to build a shelter as protection from the onslaughts of weather, living organisms dealt with the issues that are so familiar to engineers today.  Living organisms were and are able to retain structural, thermal, and chemical integrity, move across land, through water, through air, and transfer information, energy, and materials.  These and other challenges were solved in ways from surprisingly similar to unbelievably diverse, using only a small number of basic materials.  No engineer planned these wondrous structures and machines, though; rather, they arose through the mechanisms of evolution.  In this course, students will learn how animals and plants have solved the problems of movement, flight, subterranean life, underwater life, and how they become engineers themselves.  Students will also learn the importance of engineering concepts in the understanding of the evolution and anatomy of living organisms, and will discover what engineers can learn by studying the engineering feats of nature, performed through evolutionary processes.

 

Tentative Syllabus:

Instructor:                   Mosheh Wolf, mhwolf@uic.edu

Days and Times:     Mondays and Wednesdays, 11:00-12:15

 

Place:                        Taft Hall Rm. 216

 

Course Website:       XXXX

 

Course Structure:     Course will consist of lectures, student team papers, short presentations, discussions, and class activities.  Teams of 2-3 students will write a written project on one of the course topics.  Student teams will select topic at the beginning of the semester, and meet with instructor over the semester for grading, and guidance (grading will be incremental).  At the end of the semester, the teams will present an oral short summary of the paper (15-20 min), and lead a discussion on the topic.

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Grading:                     Students will be graded on papers, presentations, and participation. 

 

Office Visits               Offices will be by appointment

 

Disabilities                Students with disabilities who require accommodations for access and participation in this course must be registered with the Office of Disability Services (ODS). Please contact ODS at 312-413-2183 (voice) or 312-413-0123 (TTY).

 

Reading materials:   

­       Steven Vogel (2003) Comparative Biomechanics: Life's Physical World, Princeton University Press (580 pp.)

­       R. McNeill Alexander (2006) Principles of Animal Locomotion, Princeton University Press (371 pp.)

­       Assigned readings from journal articles.

 

Syllabus

A.     Introduction/organization

B.      Flight: mechanics, morphological and physiological (chemical) adaptations and pre-adaptations, “raw materials” (skin, muscles, bone)

a.      Flying with feathers:  avian flight 

b.      Flap your hands:  bats and pterodactyls

c.      Gliding on gills: insect flight

C.    Underground living: mechanics, morphological and physiological adaptations and pre-adaptations, “raw materials”

a.      Pushing: reptiles – 2 hours

b.      Digging:  moles, mole crickets, cicada nymphs

c.      Eating:  mole rats, gophers, earthworms

D.    Swimming: mechanics, morphological and physiological (chemical) adaptations, and pre-adaptations, “raw materials”

a.      Long-term aquatic:  fish

b.      Partial Aquatics: endotherms (penguins, otters), ectotherms (terrapins, water snakes, marine iguanas)

c.      Returnees: endotherms (whales), ectotherms (sea-turtles, sea-snakes)

E.     Joint Success:  the wonder of jointed appendages, and the most diverse phylum ever

a.      Movement: walking, swimming

b.      Feeding

c.      Manipulating the environment – building, etc.

F.     Short student presentations and discussions